الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Currently, plastic packaging is widely used as it provides protection and safety for products and ensures their safe delivery to consumers. However, the significant environmental problem caused by the disposal of non-biodegradable polymers must be reduced and disposed of in the best possible way. One solution may lie in using biodegradable polymers, particularly polysaccharides, which produce attractive biodegradable materials with unique cinematic properties and can be applied to food packaging. Despite all the advantages of using polysaccharides obtained from different sources, some obstacles related to their low water resistance, mechanical performance, and price have hindered their wider use and marketing. However, with increasing interest and research in this field, we have been able to track some strategies to overcome these problems and recognize solutions.In this thesis, we aimed to electrosynthesis a material suitable for use in packaging or pharmaceutical applications. Therefore, in this study, silver nanoparticles were in situ prepared within a blend of two natural polymers in different ratios. The used process was the electrochemical synthesis technique, where the two polymers used as electrolytes into which silver anode and platinum cathode were vertically immersed at a certain potential applied for different times. Initially, the electrochemical synthesis method was used to prepare silver nanoparticles that are stabilized by a blend of chitosan and pullulan (CS/PL-AgNPs). We studied the effect of different preparation factors such as electrochemical synthesis time and chitosan-to-pullulan ratios on the prepared. CS/PL-AgNPs obtained were studied using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. In general, the results showed the formation of well-distributed quasi-spherical nanoparticles with controllable size. The blend of chitosan and pullulan is found to be a part of the formed silver nanoparticles, covering their surface and preventing the aggregation or accumulation of these particles.On the other hand, we selected one of the samples, AgNPs@50CS/50PL, which contains an equal mixture of both polymers (biodegradable) as an electrolyte to prepare silver nanoparticles using electrochemical synthesis. However, first, we examined the effect of the electrochemical method on the behavior of the mixture in the absence of silver nanoparticles. The results showed the formation of a pearl necklace structure. The effect of the electrochemical method on the behavior of the mixture in the presence of silver nanoparticles was examined. We found that a spherical microgel Es AgNPs@CS/PL was formed, with a dual size of 151 and 53 nanometers, containing silver nanoparticles with a size of 5.2 nanometers. The results of various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques showed that the size of the silver-loaded nanoscale microgel particles depends significantly on the presence of silver particles/ions in their formation. The silver particles/ions link the electrolyte chains together and affect the electrochemical synthesis time, thus affecting the particle size.The antibacterial activity of CS, PL, 50CS/50PL, and AgNPs@50CS/50PL loaded with silver nanoparticles prepared were tested. The results showed excellent antibacterial activity of the blend loaded with nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent. The introduction of silver nanoparticles into the chitosan/pullulan blend via electrochemical synthesis significantly improved its antibacterial potential.Regarding the practical application of microgel particles, they were used as a drug delivery system for losartan Es LOS@Microgel (core/shell). The results showed that electrochemical synthesis method can be effectively used to prepare drug delivery systems. The results demonstrated the formation of nanoscale spheres of losartan self-embedded within the silver-loaded CS/PL microgel. The stability of the losartan-loaded microgel was found to be due to the positive charge distributed on its surface, estimated at +40 millivolts, which comes from the protonated amino group (NH3+) and potassium ion (K+) attached to losartan.