الفهرس 
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Abstract
The scope of this work is to design a shell and tube heat exchanger to meet the specifications provided in the problem statement. For a given value of heat duty, a shell and tube heat exchanger are designed, keeping in mind the restraints of pressure DROP and mass flow rates on both the shell-side and the tube-side. The materials for the shell and tube sides, along with the inlet and outlet temperatures are also prescribed by the problem statement. For the purpose of the project, the design with greatest achievable values of heat transfer coefficients on the shell and tube sides and the overall heat transfer coefficient are found via iteration. This research is about Shell and tube heat exchangers optimal thermal, construction and performance. The effect 0f using different materials in manufacturing have the effect in thermal performance and overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and also pressure DROP and in heat exchanger is the major factor which directly affects the performance of the heat exchanger. The optimal material which will use for manufacturing to get best performance in heat transfer process and pressure DROP at various mass flow rates and related heat transfer with respect to fouling factor in heat exchanger. from this study, we note that the worst category which include (shell materials and tubes material are the same like materials [stainless-steel, copper-nickel and copper]) the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) in general is reducing around 3.7 % than the original material of heat exchanger for shell flow (cooling fluid) is 12 L/min. And also, for shell flow is 15 L/min the reducing in (U) around 15%. And for shell flow is 17 L/min the reducing in (U) around 18%. from the moderate category which include the different materials for shell and tubes. Different materials give us better solution than the same material, shell is made from (copper and stainless-steel), tubes are made (stainless and titanium) for 12 L/min, 15 L/min and 17 L/min give us approximately the same results in (U) reducing around 4% or increasing around 3%. from the best category which include the different materials for shell and tubes. Different materials (shell is made from [stainless-steel and copper], tubes are made from [copper and low carbon steel]) give us the best performance in this study like in 12 L/min (U) is increasing around 9%. Also, for 15 L/min (U) is increasing around 10%. In 17L/min (U) is around the same value from original materials.