الفهرس 
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer related deaths in the world. It is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men and the fourth in women.
Chemokines are small secreted proteins which are best known for their essential role in mediating immune cell trafficking and lymphoid tissue development.
A controversy regarding the roles of chemokines in cancer has been recently emerged, several studies showed that CXCR4 plays different roles in cell death and survival depending on the cellular context. It was found to be overexpressed in many cancer cell lines and many human tumor types including lung, breast, liver, colorectal, bladder, and ovarian cancer.
Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a kinase inhibitor protein that regulates many signaling pathways within the cell.
This current study was carried on 50 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 20 cases from premalignant lesions including 8 cases of chronic gastritis, 6 cases of chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia and 6 cases of chronic gastritis with dysplasia. Histopathological examination was done for each case of gastric carcinoma to assess the histopathological type (according to WHO 2019), the grade, the depth of invasion of the tumor and TNM stage. Avidin Biotin complex technique using anti CXCR4 and anti RKIP was applied for each case, and examined to assess their expression. Correlations between CXCR4 and RKIP and different clinicopathological variables were done.
CXCR4 expression increased gradually with progression from different premalignant gastric lesions to gastric adenocarcinoma indicating that overexpression of CXCR4 may play an important role in the gastric malignant transformation.
In this study, no relation was demonstrated between CXCR4 expression and histopathologic type, while there was statistically significant positive correlation between its expression and grade, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM stage suggesting its role in progression in gastric carcinoma.
Concerning RKIP expression, it was not significantly correlated with progression from different premalignant gastric lesions to adenocarcinoma while there was statistically significant negative correlation between its expression and grade, distant metastasis and TNM stage suggesting its role in progression in gastric carcinoma. No relation was demonstrated between RKIP expression and histopathologic type and lymph node metastasis.
The current study revealed no significant correlation between CXCR4 and RKIP expression in gastric carcinoma.