الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Recently, the entire world has been focusing on economic solutions that cause less environmental impact. The paper industry is one of the most essential industries, as fibers make up the majority of papers. The process consumes a lot of natural resources (fibers and water); Moreover, over exploitation of natural resources will lead to an increase in deforestation rate which will have a devastating effect on the environment. For all of these reasons, the need for more clean and environment friendly solutions for the paper industry has become a pressing issue for industrialists and environmentalists nowadays. Therefore, the potential use of agricultural waste as a source of raw material for paper production starts gaining popularity. However, for the agricultural waste (residues) to be used in paper production it has to be processed.The paper produced from agricultural wastes mainly by chemical pulping; in which the cellulose pulp isolated from wastes by action of alkali at high temperature and pressure. Then the cellulose pulp undergoes bleaching stage by using chlorine oxide or oxygen. Many of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties in the produced papers could be improved by mixing certain chemical additives which will help enhance the proprieties of the papers. The quality of the paper could be improved by adding some radiation shielding martial. Radiation exposure is a major concern when building nuclear power plants, using strong (high activity) radioisotopes in ‘spin-off’ applications such as food preservation and cancer treatment, particle accelerator facilities, and medical X-ray diagnostic systems, in order to avoid radiation causing significant health problems among the users of these radiation bases. The radiation shielding material chosen is determined by the type of radiation for which it is designed. It is required to create novel polymeric materials capable of shielding radiation and attenuating electromagnetic radiation.