الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted at Ghalioun Farm, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt to investigate the effects of different sources of pellet binders on the feed quality and productive performance of shrimp in terms of growth performance, body composition, blood serum biochemical parameters and intestinal morphology. Two hundred and forty, Litopenaeus vannamei (an average body weight 9.29 g) were used in this experiment. They were obtained from the Ghalioun farm hatchery. They were randomly allotted into 4 groups with 3 replicates/ group (20 shrimp/ replicate). Experimental treatments were arranged as following; group 1 (G1) fed the basal diet (BD) without pellet binder (control diet); G2, G3 and G4 fed the BD containing calcium lignosulphonate; starch+ gum-based binder, and poly methyl carbamide (PMC) respectively.
The obtained results are summarized in the following:
• The pellet water stability measured over 2 hr was significantly increased with the PMC when compared with lignosulfonate containing pellets or the control pellets (p ≤ 0.05).
• Dietary inclusion of different binders in shrimp feed significantly reduced (p ≤ 0.05) the pellet leaching rate measured over 2hr, when compared with control (p ≥ 0.05).
• PMC- containing pellets showed the best water stability and the lowest leaching rate, while lignosulfonate bound pellets demonstrated lower stability and higher leaching rate when compared to the other biners (PMC and starch+ gum-based binder).
• The lowest water activity (aW) was obtained with pellets manufactured with lignosulfonate and PMC when compared with the control or pellets manufactured with starch + gum-based binder (p ≤ 0.05).
• Feeding of shrimp on PMC binder and starch + gum-based binder containing diets non-significantly increased final body weight, weight gain, total feed intake, and non-significantly improved feed efficiency utilization parameters (feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and efficiency of energy utilization) as well as the average specific growth rate when compared with the calcium lignosulfonate-based diet or the pellet binder free diet (control) (p≥ 0.05).
• The hemolymph concentrations of liver function enzymes (GPT and GOT), uric acid and creatinine showed no difference among treatments.
• Diets processed with starch + gum-based and lignosulfonate binders resulted in higher glucose levels in shrimp hemolymph when compared to the control or the PMC fed groups.
• The lowest concentrations of Hemolymph triglyceride and VLDL in those fed PMC and starch + gum-based binder containing diets (p≤ 0.05) compared with the control diet.
• Hemolymph total cholesterol was significantly reduced in shrimp fed on starch + gum-based binder when compared to other groups (p≤ 0.05), the lowest HDL concentration recorded in PMC fed.
• Low density lipoprotein concentration was significantly increased in calcium lignosulfonate and PMC fed groups when compared to other groups (p≤ 0.05).
• The digestive enzymes concentrations (lipase, amylase and protease) were non-significantly affected (p≥ 0.05) in response to the different binders.
• Both lysosomal and bactericidal activity were non-significantly affected in response to the different pellet binders included in diet (p≥ 0.05).
• Shrimp fed on the calcium lignosulfonate showed the lowest carcass relative weight and the highest head+ shell relative weight when compared with the other experimental groups (p≤ 0.05).
• Inclusion of pellet binders in shrimp diet had no significant effect on shrimp dry matter, moisture, crude protein or ether extract percentage (p≥0.05).
• The ether extract percentage and its retention inside the body were increased with feeding on starch+ gum-based binder containing diets (p≥ 0.05).
• Shrimp fed different pellet binder containing diets (calcium lignosulfonate, starch+ gum-based binder and PMC respectively) had improved the intestinal morphology than those fed on the control diet free of pellet binder.