الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 30 |  |  |
| | | from | 30 | | |
Abstract
The present work was carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory, Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Egypt, during the period from 2014 to 2017.The main objective was to induce and select glyphosate tolerant lines in wheat through biotechnological tools.To achieve such aim, the research was carried out through two experiments, as follows:
1- Establish an in vitro selection technique to produce glyphosate tolerant cell lines from wheat genotypes and regenerate plants variants from the selected cells.
2- Detect the genetic polymorphisms among glyphosate tolerant wheat variants and their parents using RAPD technique.Experiment I: In vitro selection: This experiment was conducted to develop glyphosate tolerant cell lines from two wheat genotypes (Gemmiza-9 and Gemmiza-11) using two in vitro selection method and using six differences in glyphosate concentrations a herbicide selective agent ( 1.36 X10-4, 2.7 X 10-4, 5.4 X 10-4, 1.09 X 10-3, 2.18 X 10-3, 4.36 X 10-3 M ) on two media (A and B) for their capability of change in callus weight , embryogenic callus, shoot formation and number of shoots/dish . A- In vitro selection methods The direct selection method The obtained results for Gemmiza -9 and Gemmiza-11 genotypes could be summarized as follows:
1- The analysis of variance for the effect of the two genotypes, differences in glyphosate concentrations and their interaction, on in vitro culture traits indicated that change in callus weight was highly significantly influenced by differences in genotypes, differences in glyphosate concentrations and their interaction but embryogenic callus was not significantly influenced by the differences in genotypes. However, it was highly significantly influenced by differences in glyphosate
concentrations only.
2- The highest percentage of change in callus weight was observed with level 0.0 M glyphosate concentration (65.05 %) then percentage of change in callus weight decreased progressively with increasing glyphosate concentration in the genotypes ( Gemmiza-9 , Gemmiza-11 ). The genotype Gemmiza-9 agave the highest average percentage of change in callus weight (43.63%).
3- The 0.0 M glyphosate concentration a gave the highest average percentage of embryogenic callus )87.50%) , while the 5.4 x 10-4, 1.09 x 10-3, 2.18 x 10-3and 4.36x10-3 M glyphosate concentration gave the lowest percentage of embryogenic callus ( 0.0% ) in the genotypes ( Gemmiza-9 , Gemmiza-11 ).
4- The analysis of variance for the effect of the medium protocols, differences in glyphosate concentrations and their interaction, in the genotypes (Gemmiza-9,Gemmiza-11) indicated that shoot formation and number of shoots∕dish were highly significantly influenced by differences in glyphosate concentrations only but were not significantly influenced by the differences in medium protocols and their interaction.