الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Lately, there has been a critical demand for renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Also, fossil fuels are thought of as non-renewable energy sources. Fuel prices fluctuate in accordance with global Political pressure which can be negatively used against any country politically, economically, and socially. Fossil-fueled engine emissions are bad for the environment. To comply with environmental regulations, these emissions should be redelivered. One is the greenhouse effect of the negative impacts of fossil fuels that contributes to the rise in global temperatures. One alternative to fossil fuels that can be made from several different sources organic sources is biodiesel. Researchers are looking for ways to adjust the fuel’s characteristics in compression engines by using nanomaterials into the fueling system. Biodiesel is produced as a replacement for diesel fuel using waste cooking oil (WCO). By adding low alcohol concentrations, the catalytic transesterification reaction transforms WCO into methyl esters as part of the synthesis of biodiesel. Without altering the original fuel system, the biodiesel will be processed for use utilized to fuel the four-stroke direct injection diesel engine in a fuel mixture with regular diesel fuel. The engine had been experimentally tested with varying loads at a fixed speed of 1400 rpm using blends of B20 (which is composed of 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel), B40 (which is composed of 40% biodiesel and 60% diesel), B60 (which is composed of 60% biodiesel and 40% diesel), B80 (which is composed of 80% biodiesel and 20% diesel), and pure diesel. Research and evaluation have been done on the effects of employing different biodiesel blends on engine output and emissions. According to lab results, the diesel engine was operated at the same operating condition with different diesel and biodiesel blends while exhibiting a 9.6 % decrease in brake thermal efficiency, a 7.6 % decrease in exhaust temperature, and a 16 % increase in brake-specific fuel consumption,80% increase in NOx concentration . Also, in this study metal oxide nano-materials such as copper oxide, aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide will be used with blends (B40 and B80) with different concentrations of (50, 100 and 150 mg/liter fuel).The experimental findings clarify that by using nano-material modifies engine performance and emission rates. By using copper oxide nano-material brake specific fuel consumption had been modified by 6.6 %, brake thermal efficiency had been modified by 10%, unburned hydrocarbons had been modified by 88% and by using titanium oxide nan-material NOX concentration had been modified by 9%.