الفهرس 
العضلات العاملة على مفصل الركبة.................................................يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
With the rapid progress in the field of training and its methods and the high intensity of training loads, the rates of sports injuries and complications resulting from them increased, despite the tremendous developments that included most aspects of life and in all fields, especially the field of physical therapy.
Many believe that the developments in the theories and methods of the science of sports training, where the increased use of high intensity and for long periods with the absence of correct rationing of pregnancy in a manner consistent with the functional state, all of this led to an increase in the number of sports injuries in addition to other factors such as psychological factors and the psychological formation of the player and the lack of sufficient access from good sleep and unhealthy nutrition, as well as increasing guidance to practice sports activities and fitness programs in a scientifically unstudied manner. For these reasons, the need to use modern methods and techniques in treating sports injuries and rehabilitating the injured faster and better has emerged. (25:1)
In addition, athletes who participate in sports of a physical contact nature are more exposed to fracture injuries, acute ligament injuries, muscle tear injuries, and hemorrhaging in the muscles, which are all secondary results of violent contact between competitors. In contrast, those who perform individually suffer from muscle tension. Acute, sprained joints resulting from competitive performance that pushes an individual muscle or muscle group beyond the point of physiological and mechanical fatigue. Training injuries usually take the form of tendinitis, often recurring as a result of a change in training regimen. (32:42)
Sports injuries are considered one of the most important obstacles to achieving scientific achievement and higher levels. Therefore, injuries have become the main focus of attention for sports medicine scientists and physical educators to try to reach a system, whether in terms of prevention or treatment, for all injury problems.
While Muhammad Farrag mentions, quoting James (2004 AD), that the injury is considered one of the basic obstacles that lead to a decrease in the level of the player’s physical and skill level, as it hinders the player from continuing training and may cause him, even after the completion of recovery, incomplete performance and incomplete skill, as well as reduce the level of performance Skills due to being away from the stadiums and not training for long periods. (43:15)
Rehabilitation of the injured athlete, physically and psychologically, is a complex and intertwined process that requires an integrated effort and effective cooperation between specialists in order for the injured player to return to his sports practice. (39:249)
Multiple motor rehabilitative exercises are considered one of the most important means of rehabilitation after or without surgery, as they help to get rid of blood accumulations and quickly restore the normal functions of muscles, joints and various organs. (69:15)
Ahmed Radwan (2003 AD), Ali Jalal Al-Din (2005 AD) indicate that physical rehabilitation is the return of the injured person to the closest possible state to the natural state, as rehabilitation is the process of restoring fitness, ability to perform, and capabilities that were before the injury, and it is the most difficult process, Perhaps the most important way for us to achieve this goal is the synergy of both the fields of sports medicine and physical education in developing physical rehabilitation programs that contribute to improving the health of the individual and maintaining his safety, so that drug treatment and motor activity practices are two sides of the new coin that contribute to the treatment of many diseases of the age. Rehabilitation of the injured and rationalization of his return to society safely. (10:2), (331:32)
Rehabilitation exercises are the main axis in the treatment of sports injuries, as they aim to prevent cases of dysfunction of the affected part by taking care of the weaknesses of some muscles, ligaments and joints. All organs and organs can perform their functions with the highest possible efficiency, and although they take a lot of time and effort, they give good and safe results. (172:19)
Muhammad Kadri Bakri (2000) and Stasinopuolos (2005) add that the early movement of the part of an injured person maintains the health of the cartilage inside the joint, and if the player cannot perform the movement due to pain, the therapist can help him by moving the joint passively, and maintaining overall flexibility is essential It can be achieved by using a lengthening program, and maintaining the movement of the joint increases the ability of the joint to feed itself, and this leads to an improvement in its function.
(78:46), (39:92)
Cases of knee joint injury have recently increased until it has become a global phenomenon with its medical and technical dimensions. As a result, and due to the importance of this joint, a global medical organization has been established under the name of the “International Knee Injuries Association”, which held its first meeting in 1979 AD in order to develop methods of medical examination, diagnosis and treatment of injuries. The knee, as well as ways to develop the surgical procedure and the use of effective treatment methods and the best and fastest ways to rehabilitate the joint in order to ensure its return to its natural movement in the shortest possible period of time. (38:270)
The injury can also occur in football players when receiving a strong blow to the outer side of the knee joint, or a strong blow behind the shin bone that pushes it forward, or when the player goes down to the ground and the leg twists below him after the jump. (95:47)
Anterior cruciate ligament injury occurs as a result of several reasons, including internal rotation of the leg with external rotation of the body, or as a result of rotation of the shin outward with the stability of the foot and rotation of the thigh inward with a sudden change of direction, or as a result of excessive stretching. (82:373)
The knee joint is considered one of the most complex joints in the body and its effect is susceptible to injury in athletes as a result of the requirements of sports activities that call for the nature of these activities sudden stops or sudden rapid starts, and also require the athlete to move forward or backward or from one side to the other or any combination of these trends over time
Figure 1: The anterolateral ligament.
Sports physical injury is related to sports practice and results in the player’s inability to participate in sports performance with positive movement for a period of time in light of the severity, type and location of the injury. It ensured his full recovery and his return to the competition arena with his full physical fitness that he was in before the injury occurred. Despite this tremendous progress in the field of sports medicine, specifically in the field of sports injuries, and taking all measures of security and safety factors as much as is available in an attempt to reduce injuries, we notice a high The percentage of its occurrence on a continuous basis, and this may be due to the overload by the players or the intensity of the competition and the attempt to win advanced positions in the different sports levels, which makes the players more vulnerable to injury (8: 18)
The knee joint is considered one of the joints most susceptible to injury, and the anatomical aspect of this chapter may have a great influence in that, although it appears safe as it is located between the two longest bones in the body, which are the thigh and the tibia. Not only that, the strength of the ligaments and muscles surrounding it makes it one of the strongest joints in the body (10: 3)
Anterior cruciate ligament injury is one of the most serious injuries that threaten the future of the athlete. This is due to the importance of the cruciate ligament in maintaining the anterior stability of the joint, meaning that it prevents the forward sliding of the tibia on the femur, as well as preventing the increase in extension of the knee joint (2: 2)
Anterior cruciate ligament injury is a direct cause of imbalance and imbalance in the knee joint during movement. In addition, any major injury, if not treated in a short period, may result in another injury within the joint (5:3).
The researchers confirmed that surgeries for the severed anterior cruciate ligament are often successful, as well as the rehabilitation phase, but some patients continue to suffer and suffer from a lack of knee movement for long periods, noting that the reason is due to a defect in the newly discovered ligament, which is the anterior outer ligament of the knee, which was not known from before. Before where it is damaged when a serious injury occurs in the anterior cruciate ligament, which may also explain the retirement of many soccer players after the injury despite undergoing successful surgeries, and the researchers called it the external anterior cruciate ligament.
”Antero lateral ligament” and is symbolized by the abbreviation ”All”. Research revealed that it is present in the knee of 97% of the total number of people. Sports such as football, basketball and ice skating. (11)
There have been many methods and means used in rehabilitation after surgical operations, including rehabilitative exercises, as it is one of the most important and largest means in the return of the joint to its normal state. These rehabilitative exercises help to quickly get rid of blood clots and accumulations, in addition to quickly restoring muscles to their functions and joint balance. (4:15)
The importance of rehabilitative exercises is due to its main objectives, which are the return of the player to the competition arena with the same physical and functional efficiency that he had before the injury occurred as soon as possible, and the prevention of injury. (7:51)
Most biomechanical studies to support the reconstruction of the ACL when injured have reported that this ligament provides stabilization of the inward rotation of the tibia and improves rotational stability with associated ACL reconstruction 28-31. Careful evaluation has shown that this compression occurs at flexion angles greater than 35 degrees. The ACL, but not the ACL, prevents internal rotation of the leg at angles less than 32 degrees. Studies have not concluded that some patients require surgical intervention to reconstruct the ACL due to the role that the ACL appears to play in rotational stability of the knee in biomechanical studies. . (101)