الفهرس 
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Abstract
The thesis contains three main chapters concerned with the synthesis, spectral, physical, and cytotoxicity Studies of three ligands, which are as follows: 2-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)-N-phenylhydrazine-1-carbothioamide (H4L1), N’-(furan-2-ylmethylene) isonicotinohydrazide (HL2), and (E)-N’-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) nicotinohydrazide (H2L3) in addition to their Cu(II), Zn(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) metal complexes.
The elemental, spectral (IR, UV-Vis, NMR, mass, and ESR), and thermal analyses were used to characterize the ligands and their metal complexes. Additionally, it aims to study the cytotoxic activity of the ligands and their metal complexes.
The first chapter, Introduction, is divided into two sections. The first section, titled ”introduction”, displayed the significant roles of hydrazones and thiosemicarbazone derivatives as chelating agents for metal ions as well as their biological uses. The second section, titled ”Literature Survey,” showed the previously published research on the many uses of metal complexes prepared from thiosemicarbazide, nicotinic, and isonicotinic hydrazide derivatives. It was concluded that ligands and metal complexes both have a wide range of chemical structures and play an important role in a number of industrial and technological fields. Along with its broad biological applications, it is especially effective as an antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer agent. This chapter ends with the aim of the work.