الفهرس 
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Abstract
Plants are autotrophs that work as the most important food source for animals and
microorganisms. Since plants cannot run or fight against herbivores, as well as their
inability to fight against pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites, they produced
defense mechanisms to struggle for life and compete with neighbouring plants for space,
light, water, and nutrients (Harborne, 1993), (Michael Wink & Roberts, 1998). Within
this context, alkaloids function as storage spaces for nitrogen in the plant. Also they work
as growth regulators (inhibitors or stimulators), since their structures resemble growth
regulators (since structures of some of them are similar to the structures of known growth
regulators) (Srivasatava, 2022). As an example, the diterpenoid alkaloids are related in
chemical structure to the gibberellins in that the AlB ring junction is similar in the two
groups of compounds and is antipodal to that of most naturally occurring steroids.
Therefore, the compounds delcosine and delsoline were growth-inhibiting for both
phloem and xylem tissue. In addition, applying lupanine solution to leaves of sweet L.
albus, Nowotny-Mieczynska and Zientkiewicz (1955) were able to show a growth
stimulating property of the applied alkaloid. As a conclusion, hydroxylated alkaloids like
lupinine and hydroxylupanine showed stimulatory effects to plant growth, while sparteine
and lupanine proved to be inhibitory (Srivasatava, 2022).