الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the following: 1) The effect of season on in-vitro maturation (IVM) and the embryo developmental competence in buffalo 2) The effect of addition of antioxidants (melatonin and zinc sulfate) and nano-antioxidants (nano-melatonin and nano-zinc oxide) to the maturation media on oocyte in vitro maturation and the embryo developmental competence in buffalo. Ovaries of the buffaloes were collected from Awlad Bakry slaughterhouse in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt. Excellent and good oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 in different seasons (cold and hot) and TCM-199 with or without melatonin (10-9 M) or nano-melatonin (10-9 M) or zinc sulfate (10-6 M) or nano-zinc oxide (10-6 M) according to experiment. TCM -199 media supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) + 10 μg/ml follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) + 50 μg/ml gentamicin. Oocytes were matured for 22 h in incubator at 38.5°C in 5% CO2 and humidified atmosphere. Matured oocytes were fertilized with frozen thawed semen and incubated for 18 hours, then in-vitro cultured by synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) for 7 days. Maturation,