الفهرس 
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Abstract
The widespread under regulation of antibiotic usage in Egypt may contribute to the establishment of resistant strains. The last line of defense against A. baumannii infections that are resistant to other kinds of antibiotics is carbapenems. Yet, the rate of development of CRAB isolates is astonishing.
Due to the fact that A. baumannii is resistant to the bulk of the antimicrobial drugs currently in use, it poses a global threat. Moreover, the therapy choices are limited due to the increased rate of CRAB isolates. It has been established that the primary mechanism of carbapenem resistance in this pathogen is enzymatic breakdown via β-lactamases. Continuous screening and molecular characterization are necessary to completely comprehend the issue given the worrying increase in widespread of CRAB isolates.
This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of A. baumannii isolated from clinical sources in Sohag University Hospital, Egypt, and to pinpoint the molecular processes underlying carbapenem resistance and aimed to detect prevalence of A. baumannii in different wards in Sohag university hospital, detect antibiotic resistance profile, characterize antibiotic resistance by PCR and genotyping of the isolated strain via ERIC-PCR.
A total of 20 isolate is recovered from 200 sample from patients attending several wards at Sohag university hospital of which 40% were isolated from females and 60% were isolated from male patients with mean age (43.7±21.77).
As regard the resistance patterns of the studied isolates to different antibiotics according to CLSI 2019, the isolates were highly sensitive to doxycycline (85.00%) and minocycline (75.00%). The resistance rate for imipenem was (65.00%) and (60.00%) for meropenem. Resistance to carbapenem was recorded in the total, MDR and XDR isolates as 65%, 70.58% and 85.7% respectively.
Different carbapenemases enzymes were detected in our isolates like class A (KPC, GES), class B (SIM, GIM, NDM, IMP, VIM) and class D (Oxa-51, Oxa-58). Oxa-51 and VIM were detected in (95.00%) of total isolates.
Regarding MDR isolates, GES, KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP and Oxa-51 were detected in 82.35%, 47.06%, 88.24%, 94.12%, 17.65% and 94.12% respectively. For XDR isolates, GES, KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP and Oxa-51 were detected in 78.57%, 35.71%, 85.71%, 100%, 14.29% and 100% respectively. None of our isolates amplified SIM, GIM nor Oxa-58.
According to genotyping of these strains by ERIC-PCR method they were divided to 2 main clusters and 3 subcluster (A, B and C). Subcluster C was divided to C1 and C2, the latter included 60% of isolates.