الفهرس 
Chapter II: Experimental WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
FTIR analysis is performed to identify materials composition and functional groups present in a sample, it is a fingerprint of all types of organic compounds and some inorganic compounds. Both untreated and treated fabric samples are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy to confirm the chemical interaction between the synthesized ZnO nanocomposites and the fabric samples through the changes in the shape, position, and transmittance of the FTIR spectral bands. FTIR spectra of most treated fabric samples are similar to the untreated ones in the positions of the peaks i.e., their functional groups have the same wavenumbers, but there is a great increment in the intensity of these peaks due to the additional functional groups from plant extract and biopolymers. This indicates that the interaction between the synthesized ZnO nanocomposites and the fabric samples occurred without a change in their structures.
The peak’s intensity values of the in FTIR spectra of the treated polyester samples follow the ranking order: P1> P2> P3 and P4> P5> P6. The same trend is observed in the treated nylon samples i.e., N1>N2>N3 and N4>N5>N6. These results indicate that more ZnO nanocomposites have adhered to fabric samples using Aloe Vera gel extract as a reducing agent, these results have confirmed the results obtained from XRD analysis. Moreover, the change in the shape of the peak at wavenumber 400 - 500 cm-1, indicates the presence of (Zn–O) stretching of ZnO nanoparticles, where, metal oxides stretching vibration bands are found at low wavenumber within the range 400–800 cm−1 according to the previous literatures, besides, the change in the band at wavenumber 3200-3600 cm-1 proved the capping of ZnO Nps with O-H and N-H groups.
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
AAS is used for the quantitative determination of Zn element in the fabric after treatment. The results indicated that the Zn content (%) per 0.2-gram fabric sample is 0.6881, 0.6325, 0.4717, 0.6103, 0.5567 and 0.4213 for P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 samples, respectively. While, the Zn content for N1, N2, N3, N4, N5 and N6 samples is 0.6236, 0.5653, 0.4372, 0.5471, 0.4551 and 0.3892, respectively. It is easily noticeable that more ZnO nanocomposites are adhered to both polyester and nylon