الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
Abstract
The treatment of non-union is one of the greatest challenges in a
post operative fracture follow up. A delayed union is defined as when
the fracture fails to heal within the expected time and delayed union
becomes non-union when the progression towards fracture healing
stops (at least 6 months).
Intramedullary nailing has proven to be the best treatment option
in management of long bones fracture .however still not being fail safe
along with a lot of risk factors majorly related to unstable fixation
either rotational instability or inappropriate nail size specially in
metaphysical fractures with wide medulla other risk factors are also
known to cause non-union like open fractures or loss of fracture
hematoma, severe comminution, segmental fractures and other
systemic factors like chronic illnesses related to nutritional factors or
de-oxygenation factors like smoking or high altitudes.