الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Burnout is a psychological condition that develops as an extended response to ongoing interpersonal stressors at work. Burnout was recently defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the tenth revision of the International Classification of Diseases as ”a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. As early as 1981 burnout was divided into three sub-dimensions; emotional exhaustion, which is demonstrated as lack of energy and enthusiasm as well as diminution of emotional resources; reduced personal achievement, which is characterized by the employee’s tendency to underestimate themselves and express dissatisfaction with their job performance; and depersonalization, which is mainly characterized by negative attitudes towards customers, coworkers, and the service/organization. Burnout has a detrimental influence on both organizations and individuals, resulting in increased staff turnover, absenteeism, sickness, injury and accidents, reduced productivity, as well as interpersonal and organizational issues. Previous studies before the COVID -19 pandemic have investigated the magnitude of burnout syndrome among primary care physicians in Kuwait, however, considering the documented psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers, and the increased workload and stress due to remodeling of health services in the primary care centers that was imposed by health authorities in order to control the spread of COVID-19 the mental health issues among primary care physicians in Kuwait should be reassessed.
The objective of study:
This study aimed to assess burnout syndrome and its associated sociodemographic, structural and organizational factors among primary healthcare physicians in Kuwait during COVID-19 pandemic.
Materials and methods:
This was a cross-sectional study. Physicians working at the 116 primary healthcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait were eligible to participate in the study. A total number of 446 physicians were included in the study. Total coverage of the 116 primary healthcare centers was used to fulfil the minimum required number of participants. Physicians working at primary health centers at the time of conducting the study were approached to fulfill the questionnaire. Participants were recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling technique.
The data collection methods and tools including:
Data was collected from January – March 2022, using a pre-coded and structured self-administered questionnaire composed of three sections. The first section collected socio-demographic data (Nationality, age, gender, qualifications, income, marital status, and number of children). The second section explored the structural and organizational data (Years of work experience, period of work in the health center, and whether receiving calls in COVID-19 information center, working hours per week, working hours per duty). The third section collected data to assess burnout syndrome using ”MBI-HSS” questionnaire. A total of 22 questions makes up the MBI tool, which examines the three dimensions of burnout: (EE; nine items, DP; five items, and PA; eight items). Each question is scored on a seven-point frequency rating scale, with 0 representing never and 6 representing daily. Higher levels of burnout are correlated with higher levels of EE and DP as well as lower levels of PA. The tool was used in its original language and was not translated to Arabic as many primary care physicians in Kuwait are from foreign countries who don’t speak Arabic.
Results:
Overall, 4.5 % of participants had high degrees of burnout in all the three dimensions. More than half of the participants in the current study (58.5%) met the criteria for burnout on the dimension of emotional exhaustion and 70% experienced a high level of depersonalization, while 14.3% reported a sense of decreased personal accomplishment.
Burnout syndrome was significantly associated with all the measured socio-demographic variables including physicians’ nationality (p=0.014), age (p=0.050), gender (p=0.036), educational qualifications (p<0.001), monthly income (p<0.001), marital status (p<0.001), and number of children (p=0.022).
Burnout syndrome was significantly associated with participants’ years of working experience (p<0.001), period of the work in the health center (p<0.001), working hours per week (p<0.001) and working hours per day (p=0.044).
6.2. Conclusion
Based on the results of the present study the following may be concluded:
Four-point-five percent of primary care physicians encounter high levels of burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait.
More than half of primary care physicians (58.5%) suffer high levels of emotional exhaustion during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait.
A significant proportion of primary care physicians (70.0%) experience high levels of depersonalization during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait.
Many of primary care physicians (14.3%) report a sense of low professional fulfillment during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait.
Nationality, age, gender, educational qualifications, income, marital status, and number of children are the socio-demographic factors showing statistically significant association with burnout syndrome primary care physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait.
Years of working experience, period of the work in the health center, working hours per week and working hours per day are the structural and organizational factors showing statistically significant association with burnout syndrome primary care physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait.
6.3. Recommendation:
The study provides the following recommendations:
At the educational front, provider education about burnout recognition and prevention strategies should be implemented.
There is urgent need to establish awareness of stress coping strategies and resiliency training programs among primary care physicians in Kuwait.
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