الفهرس 
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Abstract
Climate change is widely seen as a significant worldwide issue and one of the key socioeconomic concerns arising from the increasing process of urbanisation. The argument advocating for urban regions to enhance their climate resilience is currently gaining momentum. Nature-based solutions (NBS) represent an innovative strategy aimed at tackling the societal issues prevalent in urban environments, particularly those related to climate change. NBS endeavours to foster the development of climate-resilient cities, enhance the well-being of urban inhabitants, and augment biodiversity inside urbanized spaces through natural elements and habitats. This research aims mainstreaming the implementation of NBS approach into strategies of urban planning to improve climate resilience in Egypt’s coastal urban areas by developing a comprehensive and operational NBS framework that takes into account the challenges of facing climate change mitigation and adaptation in Egypt. Al Alamein New City, a newly fast-growing coastal city, is facing serious climate change impacts that threaten its state of resilience in the future therefore it was considered as a cases study for this research since the city is still under development. The thesis begins with a theoretical review of climate change problems and negative effects in complex urban systems. In addition to socio-ecological system resilience through adaptive management and multi-criteria analysis. As they offer flexible decision-making and evaluation of numerous elements throughout implementation considering climate change’s uncertainties. Following this is a section on using NBS to improve urban microclimates and climate resilience in climate adaptation and mitigation. Identifying NBS’s basic concepts and strategies. The study’s empirical part follows. This section examined the operational framework’s issues and limitations by analysing and evaluating similar frameworks. Followed by the deployment of framework in Al Alamein New City. where NBS interventions are analysed using multi-criteria analysis. Heat mitigation, biodiversity enhancement, and stormwater management are weighted using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This method offers a full review of the suggested NBS solutions and their potential climate resilience benefits. To evaluate NBS techniques, quantitative tools are used to compare scenarios. This study proposed an operational and evidence-based methodology for urban design in Egypt to counter climate change consequences through resilience. It also revealed that NBS could help solve environmental and social issues in the future, but the concept and goals must be properly defined, programmes implemented fairly, and results evaluated. Scenario analysis evaluates NBS performance in various future situations. Results also showed the potential of considering NBS strategies from different decision maker points of view to find strategies that accommodate multiple stakeholders.