الفهرس 
Introduction and RationaleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in
men in the world with mortality rates only second to lung cancer.
A study revealed that SOX2, regularly expressed in the basal cell layer of
normal prostatic glands, is substantially downregulated, most likely by gene
promoter methylation, in PC epithelia and cell lines, as previously observed in
gastric cancer. Although the lack of basal cells is a typical histologic feature of PC,
it has emerged that this type of tumor originates in basal cells and subsequently
evolves to adenocarcinoma, which is maintained by more differentiated luminallike
cells. It may thus be conceivable that the epigenetic mechanisms of
pluripotency gene silencing accompanying differentiation in developing embryos,
may aberrantly occur in prostate carcinogenesis.
So this study was conducted to assess the expression patterns of
SOX2 in prostatic adenocarcinoma in correlation with the histopathological
findings in order to evaluate its role as prognostic marker or possible therapeutic
target.
The study sample included 48 specimens of prostatectomy, TRUP
and TRUS diagnosed as prostatic adenocarcinoma and archived in pathology
laboratory, Suez Canal University Hospital during the period from January 2011
to December 2018.
The study included 48 specimens with age ranged from 50 to 90
years. Most of them (39.6%) at age group (60-69), (29.2%) at age group (70-79),
(16.7%) at age group (50-59) and (14.6%) had age more than 80 years old.
Total Gleason score of studied specimens ranged from 6 to 9, with Mean
± SD (7.29 ± 0.85), where 39.58% (n=19) of specimens had total Gleason score
63
(7), 35.41% (n=17) had score (8), 18.75% (n=9) had score (6) and 6.25% (n=3)
had score (9).
According to grade group distribution, 9 specimens were found at grade
group I (18.8%), 6 specimens were at grade group II (12.5%), 13 specimens
were at grade group III (27.1%), 17 specimens were at grade group IV (35.4%)
and 3 specimens were at grade group V (6.3%), so the majority of specimens
were found at grade group IV representing 35.4% of all specimens.
In our study specimens, perineural invasion is detected in 7 specimens
representing 14.6% of all specimens and is absent in 41 specimens representing
85.4% of all specimens.
As regards multicentricity, unifocal tumor growth was detected in 5
specimens representing 10.4% of all specimens while multifocal ones were
detected in 43 specimens representing 89.6% of all specimens.
In this study, 32 specimens showed benign changes in the form of
prostatitis and hyperplasia representing 66.7% of all specimens, while in 16
specimens no benign changes were detected representing 33.3% of all specimens.
Lymphovascular invasion and PIN were not detected in any of the studied
specimens.
According to SOX2 scoring, 38 specimens (representing 79.2% of all
specimens) showed positive SOX2 nuclear staining while 10 specimens
(representing 20.8% of all specimens) showed negative staining.
Regarding positive specimens, 17 specimens (about 35.4% of all
specimens) were