الفهرس 
Energy Losses in Distribution SystemOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The high rates of energy losses in distribution networks in many countries over the world, especially in developing countries, increase the importance of auditing energy losses estimation. Specifically, auditing technical energy losses (TELs), would help distribution system operator (DSO) to define, more accurately, the zones of high non-technical energy losses (NTEL). In process of TELs estimation, neglecting repairing periods leads to inaccurate results in both ring and radial distribution networks. This thesis proposes implementing auditing process through considering both normal operation period (NOP) and repairing faults periods (RFPs) when calculating TELs. For emphasizing the effect of repairing time (RT), comparisons between TELs calculation considering only NOP and those considering both NOP and RFP are introduced. Actual ring and radial distribution networks in Egypt are chosen for evaluating the proposed study according to real data and measurements. A proposed factor is derived to be inserted into equations of TELs calculation to express the effect of RT. The factor calculation process depends on repairing fault hours over the year. Comparison between TELs results achieved by traditional method and those achieved by proposed formula are shown for ensuring the accuracy of the proposed factor. A new term, as an improvement of the proposed factor, is developed and added to the losses equation to compensate the effect of repairing periods. The new term depends directly on repairing hours. By using this new loss formula, there will be no need for repeating load flow calculation when calculating TELs considering both normal and repairing periods.