الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Carcinoma of the female breast has become the most commonly diagnosed tumor, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases and 0.68 million deaths, each year. One of the most frequently described mutations in invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) is phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphospate-3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PI3KCA). PI3KCA is a downstream effector molecule of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. PI3K is one of the lipid kinases, which is important in the regulation of extracellular growth signaling. However, the prognostic role of PI3KCA protein expression in breast carcinoma and its subtypes is still controversial. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered an important biomarker in breast carcinoma and help largely in regulating the tumor microenvironment. High TILs levels are contradictory regarding their association with improved survival rate and prediction of chemotherapy response in IBC patients. Sixty-three IBC specimens were evaluated for immunohistochemical expression of PI3KCA, CD4 and CD8. The relations of PI3KCA expression and CD4/CD8 ratio together with the clinicopathological characteristics in IBC were also evaluated. PI3KCA immunohistochemical expression was detected as cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. Positive PI3KCA expression showed statistically significant relation with higher tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), lymphovascular and perineural invasion, as well as the presence of major in-situ component. However, positive PI3KCA expression showed statistically insignificant relation with histopathological types of invasive breast carcinoma. Regarding TILs results, high CD4 expression showed statistically significant relation with lower tumor grade, early tumor stage, luminal molecular subtype, absence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion, and presence of minor in-situ component. However, CD4 expression showed statistically insignificant relation with the histopathological types of invasive breast carcinoma. High CD8 expression showed statistically significant relation with higher tumor grade, advanced tumor stage, lymphovascular invasion, and presence of major in-situ component. CD8 expression showed statistically insignificant relation with the histopathological types of invasive breast carcinoma, molecular subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma, and perineural invasion. High CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly associated with lower tumor grade, early tumor stage, luminal molecular subtype, absence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion, and presence of minor in-situ component. The CD4/CD8 ratio showed statistically insignificant relation with the histopathological types of invasive breast carcinoma. The correlation between PI3KCA expression and CD4/CD8 ratio in the studied cases was assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient. High PI3KCA expression in tumor cells was significantly correlated with low CD4/CD8 ratio.