الفهرس 
Pain in childrenOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Vein puncture is one of the most frequently performed procedures in children Approximately 50–80% of children aged <12 years’ experience high levels of pain and anxiety during vein puncture (Ry ET AL., 2022) The purpose of the study was: To assess the effect of virtual reality on pain and anxiety among school age children during vein puncture. Research design A quasi experimental design (study and control groups) was utilized for this study.Setting: This study was conducted in the Pediatric Department at Menoufia University Hospital, Shebin El-Kom City. Sample:-1) Study group: It involved 50 school age child, they used the virtual reality goggle during vein puncture.952) Control study: It involved 50 school age child, they didn’t use the virtual reality goggle during vein puncture. They received only routine hospital care during the Instruments of the study Instrument one: A structured interviewing questionnaire for school age children.It is divided into two parts: Part one: characteristics of studied sample. It included questions about age and gender Part two: Medical data, it included questions about diagnosis, duration of hospitalization, last vein puncture and indication for vein puncture. Instrument two: Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. Instrument three: Facial Effective Scale (FAD) - Three Faces Facial Scale. Instrument four: Feasibility assessment sheet. The main results of the study showed that: 1) Half of the studied children in the study and control group were 6<9 years old (54 % & 56% respectively). 2) More than half of children in the study and control group were females (52% & 56% respectively 3) There was no statistical significance difference between the study and control group regarding diagnosis, duration of hospitalization or indications for vein puncture. 4) There was no statistical significant difference between the two groups on intervention regarding level of pain. Meanwhile, there was a very highly statistical significance difference at 1%o level of significance between the study and control groups post intervention. 5) Mean of pain intensity was 7.32 ± 2.67 for the study group compared to 6.96 ± 2.75 for the control group on intervention. While after the intervention mean of pain intensity was 3.72 ± 2.86 for the study group compared to 6.80 for the control group. 6) According to the level of anxiety, there were no statistical significance differences between the two studied groups on intervention. Meanwhile, there was a highly statistical significant difference between the two groups post intervention (p<0,05). 7) There were very highly statistical significant correlations between age and level of pain on and post intervention at 1%o level of statistical significance for the study group 8) There were very highly statistical significant correlations between age and level of anxiety among children (study and control) at 1%o level of statistical significance. 9) The effect size of virtual reality intervention (VI) for children in the study group was higher than children in the control group. 97 10) Most of children in the study group (80%) strongly agreed about feasibility of using virtual reality goggle. The study concluded that: Virtual reality distraction had a positive effect on reducing pain and anxiety during vein puncture among school age children. Children who engaged in virtual reality session (study group) exhibited less pain and anxiety on post intervention than on intervention. Furthermore, Children who engaged in virtual reality session (study group) exhibited less pain and anxiety on post intervention than children who didn’t (control group) Based on the results of the study it was recommended that: In- service educational training programs about pain and anxiety management during the vein puncture should be developed and provided for pediatric nurses working in pediatric units. Ongoing in-service education programs for pediatric nurses about standardized guidelines for disinfection of virtual reality device. 3 -Illustrated Arabic booklet about pain assessment and management in children should be available in every pediatric health care unit. 4-New distraction methods should be applied in every pediatric health care unit.