الفهرس 
denim fabric s manufactureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
I. The First Part Includes The Previous Studies For denim fabrics .
II. The Second Part Includes the Practical Part of the Study, Which is Divided into Three Parts:
This study investigates the suitable recipe for each discharging technique, also compares in between each one, whiteness, and color strength for all tested samples were measured to indicate the discharging efficiency, tensile strength of all tested samples was measured to ensure which recipe did not affect negatively the fabric strength, FTIR spectra also applied to clarify the changes that occurred into the dye molecule by the action of each discharging technique.
Chapter1 focused on discharging the denim fabric either dyed by reactive or indigo dyestuff, using oxidizing agent Kmno4, the concentrations of the discharging agent and PH values were studied and the best results for discharging indigo-dyed denim fabric were 80gm/kg Kmno4 at PH value equal 8, as the loss in tensile strength still in an acceptable limit.
While for discharging reactive-dyed denim fabric, the best results were 80gm/kg Kmno4 at PH 8, also 60gm/kg achieve a good results at PH 8. FTIR spectra showed the changes that occurred in the dye molecule.
Chapter 2 focused on discharging the denim fabric either dyed by reactive or indigo dyestuff using TUD reducing agent, the concentrations and PH values were studied, and the best results for reactive-dyed denim fabric were, 100gm/L and 80gm/kgTUD at PH values equal 12. While for indigo-dyed denim fabric, no discharging results were achieved at all recipes and conditions, as both whiteness and color strength were still the same as blank sample, meaning that this way the discharging of indigo-dyed fabric was not useful and not recommended.
On the other hand discharging denim fabric using ZFS as a common reducing agent, for indigo-dyed denim fabric, no discharging result was achieved at all recipes and conditions, FTIR spectra also ensure, that no changes occurred in the dye molecule, while for reactive-dyed denim fabric, the best recipe which achieves maximum result was 80gm/kg ZFS at PH 5.5, the tensile and elongation at this successful point also achieve very good results as it record 127 and 23 respectively, while the blank sample records 129 and 18 respectively.
Chapter 3 :
The use of enzymes in denim’s finishing processes constitute an environmentally friendly and efficient alternative, which has been insufficiently exploited.
Lacases enzyme considered as family of peroxide enzymes, which can reduce the dye molecules, but the researches studied this effect before or during the dyeing process itself and shows a good result.
At all recipes and all conditions result was achieved by this type of enzyme, so we can conclude that: lactases enzymes have a lower degradation on discharging the dyed-denim fabric which is dyed with synthetic dyes either indigo or azo dyes.
The achieved result in case of reactive dyes shows unacceptable discharging effect ,while indigo shows a temporary as the original fabric color back when subjected to air ,this due to the oxidation of the reduced indigo-dyes by oxidation -air .