الفهرس 
1. IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
After the Nile, the groundwater is regarded as the second major
source of fresh water in the Assiut Governorate. The primary groundwater
bearing formation is the Quaternary aquifer. Sand and gravel deposits,
occasionally with clay lenses, make up its composition. As a result of
either human activity or the groundwater passing through the pores of the
rock that makes up the aquifer, the groundwater is frequently subjected to
contamination concerns. Water is therefore susceptible to pollution, which
can modify its physical and chemical characteristics. In their bivalent,
colorless state, iron and manganese ions are both present at the earth’s
core. However, as the water rises to the surface, atmospheric oxygenation
causes those ions to change into their trivalent state, which results in solid
oxides that have unfavorable colors. After samples examination, of all 235
sites, there are 153 sites (representing about 65% of the total studied sites)
were selected due to their high concentration of iron and manganese (0.3
mg/L and 0.4 mg/L respectively) than the permissible limits (according to
the Egyptian Standard Law No.458/2007). It was found that the
concentration ratio of both elements does not exceed 2 mg/L in all studied
locations. The contaminated sites with iron, manganese, and hardness ions
were divided into three groups together with the salts of total hardness and
calcium deficiency.