الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
That research presents novel bio-eco-resilience composite indicators (BER-CIs). These indicators are capable of accepting, absorbing, and transforming the climate change impacts (i.e., temperature hazards and extreme precipitation) in the Egyptian coastal desert cities, such as New Borg Al-Arab City (NBC), as a case study. These damaging effects magnify the following pre-existing global issues: sea level rise, unsustainable energy consumption, carbon emissions, clean water scarcity, and low environmental housing performance. BER-CIs are derived from the integration of three approaches: biophilic, ecological, and resilient. BER-CIs are measured on three multi-dimensions: shelter, built environment, and economy. BER-CIs have three composite indicators, eight key indicators, and fifteen extensive indicators. BER-CIs are achieving nearly net-zero, energy consumption, carbon emissions, and water conservation by reducing urban heat islands and also, enhancing the bio-vegetation index. The five BER-Scenarios work on converting low performance environmental residential to BER-housing with a bio-green façade and a bio solar roof. BER-CIs are simulated computationally and are applied to the residential sector. The structure of the research is divided into six chapters: (1) the introduction; (2) A review illustrated the potential climate change scenarios for 2000–2100 in Egypt and climate conditions. (3) A review of the relationship between the three approaches (biophilic, ecological, and resilience) to climate change adaptation is followed by (4) the proposed BER-CIs classification and showing the methodology of data collection and data preparation for evaluating BER-CIs. Then, (5) case study application; results and discussion were numerically applied by measuring BER-CIs at the study area, and finally, (6) conclusions were drawn.