الفهرس 
Embryology of the AbdomenOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Further studies on the use of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound in the diagnosis of fetal abdominal and genito-urinary anomalies are needed on a larger sample size of pregnant women for more variety of abdominal anomalies & to confirm its efficacy in the detection of these anomalies. Further studies on different fetal body systems other than abdominal and genitourinary systems such as the central nervous system, facial, cardio-vascular system and skeletal systems are required to make sure about the diagnostic accuracy of 4D ultrasound. We recommend that the best week of pregnancy which is preferred for 4D ultrasound is usually between 24th to 29 th week for obtaining accurate information and prominent detailed images of the developing baby. We suggest that the combined use of both (2D) & (4D) ultrasound will increase the diagnostic accuracy of detection of fetal abdominal and genito-urinary anomalies. We suggest that it is favorable not to ask for a 4D scan unless the doctor suspects something out of the ordinary in the routine 2D scan and wants a clearer image to assess the situation and to reassure the worried parents. Otherwise, even with its numerous benefits, the potential hazards of prolonged fetal exposure to US energy by 4D ultrasound scanning for non-medical and unnecessary ‘entertainment’ purposes should be carefully considered.