الفهرس 
Anatomy of the Knee JointOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an effective treatment for advanced disease of the knee joint, which can relieve pain and improve joint function. With improvements in surgical techniques and prosthetic design, TKA is a widely used clinical application. Considerable postoperative blood loss, however, is an unavoidable occurrence due to the extensive soft-tissue release, and large area of cancellous bone osteotomy associated with the procedure. In addition, knee flexion and extension activities that begin the day after the operation add to the problem. Postoperative dominant blood loss after TKA can reach 1,200– 1,900 mL.
A growing number of elderly patients undergo TKA. This patient group can suffer from many underlying diseases, such as an impaired compensatory ability of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems. As such, hemorrhage can be a serious consequence. Anemia is a key impeding factor in patients’ postoperative recovery. Homologous blood transfusion is often used to solve postoperative anemia, but this carries substantial risk of immunologic reaction and disease transmission for the patients and also increases medical expenses. Therefore, a reduction in operative blood loss, especially post TKA, is beneficial to recovery and decreases the risk of transfusion. The uses of pneumatic tourniquets lead to an increase in the activity of the fibrinolytic system (a naturally existing enzymatic system that regulates clot and thrombus formation in the body). Paradoxically, this may accentuate surgical blood loss.
Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a synthetic derivative of lysine. It inhibits fibrinolysis by reversibly blocking the lysine-binding sites of plasminogen, thereby displacing plasminogen from the fibrin surface.
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intraoperative intravenous injections of Tranexamic Acid on intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and transfusion in Total Knee arthroplasty.
This randomized controlled study was conducted in Menoufia University hospitals and Mabarat Masr Elkadema Hospital. This study was conducted on 46 patients for Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). All patients were divided into 2 groups: group A (25 knees) without intravenous injection of tranexamic acid (control group). and group B group (25 knees) received intravenous injection with tranexamic acid intraoperative.