الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cancer According to WHO the cancer is the second reason of death; the United States has, approximately: 1,665,540 people who suffered from cancer, and 585, 720 of them died due to this disease (Siegel et al., 2013).The most common cancer type occurred in men are prostate, lung, bronchus, colon, rectum, and urinary bladder; However, in women Cancer prevalence is highest in the breast, lung, bronchus, colon, rectum, uterine corpus and thyroid. This data indicates that prostate and breast cancer constitute major proportion of cancer in men and women, respectively (Siegel et al., 2015).
The whole structure of genes can be changed through gene mutation by the addition, deletion, or alteration of one or more bases in the DNA sequence and might give rise to genetic diseases and cancers (Botstein et al., 1980). The tumor microenvironment is the primary site which tumor cells and the host immune system interact (Nagarsheth et al., 2017). Cancer cells are characterized by high metabolic rate as oxygen, glucose, glutamine and lipids. Oxygen is the key substrate in cellular metabolic rate and bioenergetics. Hypoxia or low oxygen abundance may be a common feature of the tumors microenvironment that occurs because of an imbalance in supply and demand. A lot of the metabolic responses to hypoxia in each cancer cells and stromal cells are orchestrated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) (Cairns et al., 2011).