الفهرس 
Vitamin D: Formation, Biosynthesis and Actions
Cardiovascular diseasesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that results from cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of beta cells of the pancreas which leads to diminished insulin secretion. Approximately, 90% of diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents is of type 1 (T1DM). It is triggered by a combination of both genetic and environmental factors including viral infections, dietary antigens, disruption in the gut microbiota, and vit. D deficiency. Several studies have shown that appropriate glycaemic control can reduce the risk of T1DM related morbidity and mortality. Luckily, some factors and supplementations could improve glycaemic control of diabetic patients. One of the most common supplements which was suggested and used successfully to improve glycaemic control is vit. D. It is known to play an important role in glucose homeostasis by different mechanisms. It increases insulin sensitivity of the target cells (liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue) and it can also enhance and improve β-cell function. Vit. D is also important in the prevention of islet cell death and might be useful in improving the survival of islet cell grafts. Decreased levels of vit. D may cause insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion which leads to hyperglycemia, increased hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) and progression of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to adjust the protocol of managing type 1 diabetes mellitus at the “Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic”, Pediatrics Department, Tanta University hospital by including vit. D supplementation for all vit. D deficient children who attend the clinic for better control of the disease. The objectives of this study were: (1): To screen for vit. D deficiency among children with T1DM attending “Endocrinology outpatient clinic” at Pediatrics Department, Tanta University Hospital. (2) To study the characteristics of children with T1DM attending “Endocrinology outpatient clinic” at Pediatrics department, Tanta University hospital. (3) To study the effect of vit. D supplementation in a proper dose for 6 months on disease progress and glycaemic control in children with T1DM.