الفهرس 
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Abstract
Hair loss due to alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune condition that does not leave scarring and may affect any hair-bearing location, but it is most common on the scalp and beard. There is no way to forecast how an illness would progress.
Alopecia areata may be treated by cryotherapy, in which liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees Celsius is used to freeze the scalp. Possible mechanisms of action include local vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation, follicular hair regrowth as a result of increased blood flow from edema and inflammation, and systemic anti-inflammatory effects. Antibody-targeted keratinocytes are damaged in this process.
Vasodilation is the mechanism through which minoxidil has been utilized to produce hypertrichosis. Although it’s one of the most popular treatments, minoxidil doesn’t always appear to work, especially in extreme situations. So, it’s best reserved for conditions when mildness is preferable than severeness.
The majority of patients, whether adults or children, who have small patches turn to topical steroid (TC) creams. The effectiveness of TCs in the treatment of AA has been shown, however medication must be maintained for at least three months.
The study’s goal is to examine the efficacy of cryotherapy, topical 5% minoxidil lotion, and topical 0.1% betamethasone lotion in treating AA using clinical photography, the SALT score, the regrowth scale, and trichoscopic inspection.
A total of 57 individuals with patchy alopecia areata participated in this randomized, controlled clinical study. The patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups, each of which had 19 participants. Before beginning the research, patients went drug-free for a minimum of three months. After three months of therapy, the patient was followed up with for another three months after her hair had grown back.
Category (I): Minoxidil 5% lotion was applied to the scalp. Several bars, each of which may be visited twice a day.
In the second group, patients had cryotherapy twice weekly for a total of six cycles of 8-10 seconds each.
Patients in group III used betamethasone 0.1% lotion twice a day.
During the course of the research, no patients may get therapy from more than one modality at the same time.
Six patients (31.6%) in group I had a favorable family history, but only four patients (21.1%) in group II did. Six patients (31.6% of the total) in group III had a favorable family history.
We assessed SALT score, regrowth scale (blind evaluation for hair regrowth), and trichoscopic examination before starting therapy, after 3 months of treatment, and after 3 months of full regrowth.
Although one patient in the cryotherapy group and another in the betamethasone group were linked to Down syndrome, no correlations were found for the patients with the other conditions (nail pitting, thyroid illness, atopic dermatitis, and vitiligo).
The current study’s findings, based on a statistical analysis of before-and-after SALT scores, demonstrated that a variety of therapy methods led to statistically significant improvements and hair regrowth. Treatment with minoxidil 5% lotion I, cryotherapy, or betamethasone0.1% lotion resulted in complete hair regrowth in 16 of 19 patients with AA, whereas 17 of 19 patients had similar results.
In each group, there was a statistically significant change in SALT score and trichoscopic data between pre- and post-treatment, but there was no such change when comparing the three groups.
Trichoscopic data showed statistically significant differences between the three groups before to treatment for damaged hair, Micro-exclamation hair, scales, and pigmentation, and after treatment for vellus hair and erythema.
There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of improvement, maintenance, or relapse within three months following full regrowth.
On pain and severity measures, as well as in terms of the presence or absence of any additional side effects, there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups.
Two patients in the minoxidil 5% lotion group and one patient in the betamethasone 0.1% group had recurrence within three months of full hair regrowth, whereas no patients in the cryotherapy group experienced relapse.