الفهرس 
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Abstract
Breast cancer in women is the most common leading cause of cancer globally in 2020, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases, representing 11.7% of all cancer cases. It is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, with 685,000 deaths. Among women, breast cancer accounts for 1 in 4 cancer cases and 1 in 6 cancer deaths, and is the highest incidence in the vast majority of countries (159 out of 185 countries).
Similarly, in Egypt: breast cancer is the most common site of malignancy among females (accounting for 38.8% of all female malignancies.
Mastectomy was first defined and published by W. Stuart Halsted and Meyer in the mid-1890s as a ”radical excision of the breast”.
This surgical procedure involves the complete removal of the breast along with the pectoral muscles and all tissues in the armpit. Using this technique, Halsted listed reflux with 3-year survival rates of 6% and 40% in his article published in 1907 (versus over 50% and about 20% previously reported, respectively). These improvements in survival rates and local reflux have led to Halsted performing radical mastectomies for nearly a decade to treat breast cancer.
Although radical mastectomy provides excellent local control, due to the high morbidity rates, modified radical mastectomy procedures were developed in the 1940s. The aim of these surgical procedures was to preserve the pectoralis major muscle, in particular the pectoral and long nerves. Breast conserving is defined as the removal of a tumor (or multifocal tumors) along with surrounding healthy breast tissue (negative edges). The goal is to completely remove the tumor from the breast, reduce local recurrence, and achieve a cosmetically acceptable appearance.
The most important factor in diagnosing breast cancer is whether or not there is spread to the axillary lymph node. Axillary lymph node dissection is performed in order to accurately classify disease, direct adjuvant therapies, and provide local tumor control in patients with lymph node injury.
The use of new devices, which are widely used in surgery, can lead to less cellular damage and better closure of blood vessels, can reduce formation and improve postoperative recovery, reduce surgery time, and reduce hospital stay after surgery, allowing for an early onset of Chemotherapy or radiotherapy after surgery.
One advantage of using the axillary dissection seal system in primary breast cancer cases is that this procedure does not require direct exposure of the blood vessels, which can increase the procedure time and cause unnecessary bleeding. Previous randomized studies comparing the vessel occlusion system to conventional devices have reported that the vessel occlusion system appears to reduce drainage volume and shorten the patient’s hospital stay after surgery.
In that thesis, I try to present our experience at the South Egypt Institute of Cancer in the comparison between the comparison of the vasoconstriction system with the traditional technique in dissection of the axillary lymph node for primary breast cancer to choose which is better in terms of reducing the time of surgery, the amount of bleeding during surgery and the days of suction drainage, and the length of stay in Hospital and some postoperative complications. and the amount of surgical fluid drained after hospital discharge.
We conducted this thesis on 90 cases that attended the institute over a period of one year, from July 2021 to July 2022, and the cases were selected on the basis of early cases of tumor, and surgery was performed for the patients, as there were 45 cases. The axillary lymph node was dissected and drained using the vessel tightening system And 45 cases using the traditional technique.
After that, we did a statistical analysis of the cases in terms of the time of surgery, the amount of bleeding during the surgery, the days of suction drainage, the length of stay in the hospital and some postoperative complications in order to choose the best surgical method.
In this thesis, we concluded that there is a relative advantage of the vascular occlusion system over the traditional technique in axillary lymph node dissection of primary breast cancer in terms of reducing the surgery time, the amount of bleeding during surgery, the days of suction drainage, the length of stay in the hospital and some postoperative complications. The amount of surgical fluid drained after hospital discharge is also less.