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Abstract
This study was carried out in 2010 / 2011, 2011 / 2012 and 2012 / 2013 seasons at the Agricultural experiments and research station, Faculty of agriculture, Cairo university, Giza governorate, Egypt. The main objective was to study the mode of gene action in the inheritance, combining ability effects and heterosis for agronomic and yield traits in some Egyptian barley genotypes and their diallel F₁ crosses under two irrigation regimes and to identify tolerant genotypes based on drought tolerance indices and introduce the best index as an indirect criterion for selecting drought tolerant accessions in barley breeding programs. Water stress caused significant reductions in all studied traits; with number of spikes / plant of F₁’s showing maximum reduction (43.07%). Genotypic differences were found in all traits under both irrigation treatments