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Abstract
Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterised by involvement of multiple organ systems. Its aetiology is largely unknown; however, genetic and environmental factors are proposed to contribute to breaking tolerance, resulting in the production of a variety of antibodies directed to self-components. (Qing et al 2008) {uF0D8}Study design: Case control study. {uF0D8}Subject:61 Systemic lupus patients fulfilling the classification criteria for the diagnosis of SLE (Bombardier et al 1992) ,will be selected from Internal Medicine Department, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University after ethical committee approval and getting written informed consent from each patient. {uF0D8}Objectives: To assess the potential role of HMGB1 in SLE and whether urinary and serum levels of HMGB1 reflect renal inflammation and correlate with disease activity, we aim of this study to investigate renal tissue expression of HMGB1 as well as serum and urinary levels of HMGB1 in correlation with renal histopathological changes and clinical and serological disease activity in SLE patients with and without LN in comparison to healthy controls (HC).