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Abstract
This study is to investigate the possible effects of thymoquinone and omega-3 in intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (II/R)-induced hepatic and renal dysfunction. Rats were randomly allocated into four groups, sham operated, II/R, thymoquinone and omega-3 pre-treated groups. II/R model was established by clamping the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 minutes followed by 60 minutes reperfusion. Liver enzymes AST, ALT and ALP, as well as creatinine, and total bilirubin levels were assessed in serum. Tissue contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-Ü) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured in both tissues. Apoptosis was determined by immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3 and histopathological examination was carried out in hepatic and renal tissues. II/R elevated serum AST, ALT, ALP activities, and creatinine levels. In- addition, tissue content of GSH and SOD activity were decreased. However both tissue content of MDA and MPO activity were increased. Hepatic tissue content of TNF- Ü increased. Remarkable activation of caspase-3 in both tissues was observed. Pre-treatment with thymoquinone and omega-3 resulted in a significant reduction in serum AST, ALT, ALP and creatinine levels , increased hepatic and renal tissue content of GSH and SOD activity , significant decrease in tissue content of MDA and MPO activity as well as decrease of TNF- Ü content in hepatic tissue