الفهرس 
Numerical investigation for air flow and thermal comfort in an air conditioned open football soccer stadium
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Abstract
Football stadiums are usually open roof stadiums. Open roof stadiums present great challenge for designers to reduce the effect of the incident wind, the temperature and the solar radiation when these stadiums are found in hot weather countries, where these factors have significant effects on the quality of the environment in the stadium bowl and the space outlined by the spectators’ terrace and the roof. It is evident that the prevailing incident wind speed and direction, stadium geometry, and cooling conditions are major factors on spectators and players thermal comfort. Incident wind will significantly affect the thermal environment inside the open stadiums due to the infiltration of hot air to the stadium bowl pit. Reducing the effect of hot air requires design optimization for the stadium bowl structure and for the working conditions of the cooling system