الفهرس 
Retrograde endoscopic lithotripsy using Ho YAG laser in large urinary stones
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Abstract
Ureteroscopic Ho: YAG laser lithotripsy is now considered the treatment of choice for ureteral and many renal calculi. The use of flexible ureteroscopy allows accessing the whole pelvicalyceal system. A prospective study was done at Elmaadi Military hospital between April 2013 and April 2014; and it aimed at evaluation of the efficacy, operative time, fluoroscopy time, energy needed, post-operative stenting, stone free rates and complications rate following ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy using Ho: YAG laser via ureteroscopy of the ureter and kidney. Forty four patients who had either ureteric or renal stones more than or equal to 1cm were included in this study. The mean operative time was 74.20±16.9 minutes with a time differences between patients in which semirigid ureteroscopy was used (91%) or flexible ureteroscopy (9%); being longer with the use of flexible ureteroscopy. The overall stone free rate reached 84.1%. Complication rates were 15.9% and it was more related to the stone burden and all are of grade Ї. Flexible ureteroscopy with Ho: YAG laser can be used safely and effectively in treating stones in patients with solitary kidney, renal stones that are resistant to ESWL and stones in patients with bleeding disorders. More training is needed especially in the field of flexible ureteroscopy which will improve stone free rates and decrease complications rate