الفهرس 
Bactericidal efficacy of laser radiation versus ultrasonic and conventional irrigation techniques after single file canal preparation :A comparative in vitro study
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Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to compare the bactericidal effect of diode laser radiation to both passive ultrasonic irrigation and conventional irrigation with NaOCl after single file canal preparation. Methods: Thirty-six anterior teeth with straight roots and single canals were selected, cleaned, prepared manually with K files up to file # 25 to facilitate bacterial inoculation and sterilized. Microbial strain Enterococcus faecalis American type culture collection ”ATCC 29212” was maintained on brain heart infusion (BHI) agar and subcultured monthly. All procedures were done in strict aseptic conditions. A biofilm of E. faecalis was prepared by inoculating a loopful of E.facalis into BHI broth. 20 microns were measured by automatic pipette and incubated in Brain Heart Blood Agar plate for 24 hours at 37{u00B0}C as a confirmatory step for susceptibility of bacterial strain to form biofilm. Biofilm formation was checked by formation of black strains