الفهرس 
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Abstract
Vines were three years old, spaced at (2.0 x 3.0) meters planted to the Baron system, growing in a sandy soil, drip irrigation system and under uncovered conditions. selected to be healthy, almost identical in vigour and receiving regularly the same horticultural practices, three levels of bud load were trimmed, namely (60, 72, and 78 buds/ vine) and three scales of cane length as (4, 6 and 8 bud/cane).
The findings revealed the follow:
Grape bud load per vine Effect on morphological characteristics, yield and quality
Bud behaviour
Poor bud break may be caused by a variety of factors, including percentage of apical dominance, cane age, and the pruning season. On a cane, pruning has a significant impact on the pattern of bud break.
Bud burst percentage
60 and 72 bud/vine showed the greatest percentages of bud burst readings without significant differences between them. followed by 78 bud/vine which gives a low percentage of bud burst. Bud load per vine influenced bud fruitfulness percentages. The highest values were recorded in vines that loaded with 60 buds/vine in the two seasons. So, vines pruned to 78 buds/vine gave a lower bud fruitfulness percentage in both seasons. Concerning the data of bud fertility %, vines pruned to 60 buds/vine were the highest, while vines pruned to 72 and 78 buds/vine were the lowest in the 1st and 2nd season.
Vegetative growth characteristics and weight of annual pruning (Kg/vine)
Bud load 60 eyes/vine showed the highest significant average shoot thickness, shoot length, and weight of annual pruning in both seasons. On the other hand, canes with 78 buds per vine showed the
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Ali Riad Ali Hassan (2023) M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
lowest average shoot thickness, shoot length, and weight of annual pruning while bud load of 72 buds per vine resulted in intermediate values for the same vegetative growth characteristics in the same seasons study.
Yield and cluster characteristics
Vines pruned to 72 and 78 buds/vine gave the highest significant values concerning the number of clusters per vine. In the same table, it appeared an increase of cluster weight by decreasing the bud load on the vine. Highest significant cluster weight was obtained with 60 bud/vine in both seasons. While vines that pruned to78 buds/ vine maintained the lowest cluster weight value, but vines pruned to72 bud/vine exhibited the intermediate cluster weight in both successive seasons of study. Vines pruned to 60 bud/vine recorded the lowest yield. The highest significant yield/vine was recorded by 78 bud/vine in both seasons.
Regarding cluster characteristics, increasing the bud load/vine reduced the average length and width of clusters while weight of 100 berries was increased with vines pruned to 60 buds/ vine in both seasons.
Berry Physical and chemical characteristics of berries
The effect of different bud load/vine on berry width (cm), berry length (cm) and berry firmness of ”Melody seedless”. It is appeared to increase by decreasing the bud load on the vine. In this respect, vines which were pruned to 60 buds/ vine maintained the highest value studied traits during both seasons of this study. On the other hand, there is a decrease with the same parameters by pruning vines to 78 eyes/vine. While 72 eyes/vine represented the intermediate values for all aspects in both seasons.
Berry adherence strength and berry TSS%, were significantly affected by different bud load in both seasons. Highest significant values of berry adherence strength and acid ratio%, were attained from vines pruned with 78 buds/vine followed by vines pruned with 72 bud/vine with
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Ali Riad Ali Hassan (2023) M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
significant differences observed between them. While vines of 60 bud/vine had significantly the least values of these ones except TSS%, which take opposite trends in both seasons.
TSS/acid ratio and anthocyanin content of berry skin were significantly affected by different bud load/vine in both seasons. Vines pruned with 60 bud/vine showed significantly the highest values of these parameters followed by vines pruned with bud load of 72 bud/vine. whereas bud load of 78 bud/vine significantly induced the least values of these ones in both seasons. Thus, it could be postulated that TSS/acid ratio and anthocyanin content of berry skin least values due to increasing of bud load/vine after pruning. In other words, decreasing bud load increased the current season’s TSS/acid ratio and anthocyanin content of berry skin and then this may be attributed to the reduction of competition between bud load and vine yield.
Cane length effect on morphological characteristics, yield and quality of grapevine
Bud burst percentage
There is a considerable difference in the number of eyes per cane due to the influence of cane length. On the other hand, the number of eyes on each vine varied significantly. In this regard, the number of buds per vine (4 buds/vine) showed the highest percentage of bud burst, followed by the number of buds per cane (6 and 8), which showed the lowest percentage of bud burst with no discernible difference between them. Four eyes per cane on the trimmed vine produced the maximum value of bud burst.
Bud fruitfulness
4 and 6 bud/cane had higher bud fruitfulness percentages than (8 bud/cane), the number of bud/cane had a significant impact on the bud fruitfulness percentage. In both of the study’s two seasons, the cane length was generally significantly affected.
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Ali Riad Ali Hassan (2023) M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
The highest values were (93.52 & 88.67%) for (4buds/cane) in the two seasons, respectively. The percentage of bud fruitfulness was impacted by the number of buds per cane as well as cane length in this respect. Conversely, vines trimmed to 6 and 8 buds per cane produced lower bud fruitfulness percentages (81.56%) over the two research seasons.
Bud fertility%
Raising the ”Melody” grape’s cane length from 4 to 8 buds per cane had a noticeable impact on the percent of buds that were fertile. Furthermore, leaving 18 canes with 4 nodes and 12 canes with 6 nodes give a highest significant value of bud fertility percentage in the first and second seasons respectively while the lowest value was obtained when leaving 9 cane with 8 nodes in both seasons of the study.
Vegetative growth parameters.
Weight of pruning Wood
Despite the small changes between treatments, no obvious pattern could be seen regarding the weight of pruning wood with various cane lengths. In comparison to other treatments, (4buds/cane) consistently had the lowest values of trimming wood weight.
Average shoot length
Shorter shoots were caused by longer canes, with substantial variations between them. While vines adjusted to 4 eyes/cane achieved the longest shoot length. The amount of buds/cane with 6 and 8 eyes/cane had the shortest significant shoot length (283.33 and 201.33 cm), respectively, in the first season, with a significant difference between them. While the most significant shoot length was seen in the cane with four eyes (377cm). Additionally, the cane length 4 eyes/vine had the longest significant shoot length in the second season (331cm). However, the lowest significant shoot length (322.67 and 286cm, respectively) was found in the cane
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Ali Riad Ali Hassan (2023) M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
lengths of 6 and 8 eyes/cane, with a significant difference between them. When compared to light pruning, heavy pruning significantly reduces the weight of the wood, which is thought to be a source of carbohydrates, and thus changes the balance between nitrogen and carbs in favor of nitrogen, which encourages vegetative development.
Average internode thickness
Differing cane lengths had a considerable impact on the average internode thickness. However, due to the lengthening of the cane, a minor decrease in internode thickness was seen.
Yield and cluster characteristics
Number of clusters per vine
As cane length per vine rose, the number of clusters per vine also increased. In that regard, vines with 8 eyes per cane produced much more clusters than vines with different cane lengths.
Total yield
With a substantial difference between these, cane lengths of 6 eyes per cane and 8 eyes per cane had the best yields, but 4 eyes per cane had the lowest yield. In addition, during the second season, the cane length with 8 eyes per cane provided the most significant output, whereas the cane length with 4 eyes per cane produced the lowest significant yield. In general, growing cane length resulted in a steady rise in yield/vine. It could be said that Melody’s 6 buds per cane was generally regarded as the most ideal for generating a larger yield with the greatest physical attributes of clusters: Both lesser and higher (four and eight buds per cane) were discouraged.
Cluster weight
The average cluster weight was lowest in vines trimmed to 8 buds/vine and cluster weight values were greatest in vines pruned to 4
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Ali Riad Ali Hassan (2023) M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Ain Shams Univ.
buds/vine, Increasing the number of eyes/cane decreased the average weight of the cluster.
Cluster length
In second season the tallest clusters were obtained in vines adjusted to 4 and 6 eyes /cane with no significant differences between them. However, vines pruned to 8 eyes /cane had produced significantly shorter clusters.
Cluster width
There is a substantial difference between 4 eyes per cane and 6 and 8 eyes per cane. Due to an increase in cane length, a reduction in cluster width was seen. The number of buds per cane had an impact on cluster breadth. In that regard, in the first and second seasons, respectively, the vines modified to a 4 eyes/cane showed significantly larger cluster width. The lowest cluster width was found in the cane length (6 and 8 eyes/vine), with no discernible difference between them in the first season and a discernible difference in the second season.
Berry Physical characteristics of berries
Berry length
There is a significant difference among all number of eyes per cane as for cane length effect. 4,6 and 8 eyes/cane.4 eyes/cane exhibited the highest values of Berry length followed by 6 and 8 eyes/vine which give the low percentage of berry length without significant different between them in the first season and a significant difference in the second season.
Berry width
Regarding the cane length influence on berry width, increasing the cane length of the ”Melody” grape from 4 to 8 buds per cane had no discernible effect on berry width.