الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pediatric tibial fractures are the most common fractures in children which account for 25–43% of all childhood fractures. The annual incidence of childhood fracture varies greatly across studies from about 12 fractures per 1000 children to 36.1 fractures per 1000 children with different factors suggested to impact the incidence including geographic location, age, and gender of the patient. Elastic intramedullary nailing is a method of diaphyseal fracture osteosynthesis in children. This technique has many advantages. Namely, there is primary bone union with avoidance of growth plate injury, early weight bearing, and minimally invasive surgery with a short duration of hospitalization.As the second-largest bone in the body, the tibia’s main function in the leg is to bear weight with the medial aspect of the tibia bearing the majority of the weight load. It also serves as the origin or insertion site for 11 muscles; these allow for extension and flexion at the knee joint and dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at the ankle joint.Tibial fractures requiring surgical stabilization are treated differently in children than in adults. Locked intramedullary nails are not used in children because of the risk of physeal injury. Treatment options include external fixation, elastic stable intramedullary nailing, plate fixation and transfixation pins and casts.
The use of external fixation has been well described. The result have been satisfactory, but have been associated with complications including infection, delayed union, refracture, malalignment and joint stiffness.