الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: One of the most recent multipurpose imaging techniques is Computed Tomography (CT) scan. It enables the creation of three-dimensional images of the subject under analysis. There are two primary types of radiation used in CT scans based on the shapes of the emitted rays: fan-shaped Computed Tomography (CT) and cone-shaped Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). These techniques are more frequently used in the maxillofacial region. CBCT, which offers significantly lower effective radiation dose than CT, provides 3D information of the maxillofacial region. Moreover, In the identification of humans, one of the most crucial fundamental concepts is human race. Each person possesses a unique set of traits that differentiates them from one another. The cranial bones, being strong and durable, are particularly useful in sex prediction studies. Sexual dimorphism plays an important role in anthropology and forensic sciences. Among the skull bones, the mandible is the most dimorphic bone and holds significant importance in determining sex.
Study objectives: The study aimed to correlate and assess the accuracy of mandibular ramus anthropometric parameters on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans for sex prediction on an Egyptian Subpopulation.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 60 CBCT images (30 females and 30 males over the age of 18) that was stored in the database of the Department of Oral Radiology at Alexandria University. CBCT images were taken by I-CAT and exported to OnDemand3D™. Five mandibular ramus linear parameters were assessed bilaterally, including maximum ramus breadth, projective ramus height, minimum ramus breadth, condylar height, and coronoid height. The assessment of 3D VR volume rendering image variables was performed using the mouse-driven method, and two examiners independently evaluated the data. Data analysis and interpretation were conducted using IBM SPSS for Windows (Version 23). Differences in measurements between groups were evaluated using the Student t-test. Sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Statistical significance was determined by a P-value of less than 0.05.
Results: Three variables showed significant statistical differences between males and females. The overall accuracy was 84.2%, with 85.0% for females and of 83.3% for males. Out of 30 CBCT scans, 24 were correctly classified as males and 26 as females. Projective Ramus height has excellent predictive for females, with a specificity of 71.43%. The maximum ramus breadth has acceptable predictive ability for females with a specificity of 64.29%. The Coronoid Height has acceptable predictive ability for females, with a specificity of 92.86%.
Conclusions: The mandibular ramus demonstrated significant sexual dimorphism using CBCT with high specificity.
Keywords: CBCT; Egyptian population; Forensic science; Mandibular ramus; Sex estimation.