الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND Aim Of The WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Hand hygiene plays a main role in the transmission of pathogens, making hand hygiene
the main element in the prevention and control of disease spread. Hands can become
contaminated by the coughing up of microorganisms or due to instances of vomiting, diarrhea,
or toilet flushing. Hands carry two common types of bacteria:
a) resident flora which does not harm to human. b) Transient flora: These are harmful
organisms that must be removed using antiseptic chemicals, mechanical friction, soap, and
water. To get rid of these pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria we should apply one of the
following hygienic methods: routine hand washing, antiseptic hand wash, or antiseptic hand
rub. The basic elements for hand hygiene are: water, soap, and alcohol.
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of different hand hygiene techniques on workers
hand cleanliness in a health institution, Alexandria.
Experimental comparative study will be conducted to evaluate the effect of different
routine hand hygiene methods, and also the effect of different ideal hand hygiene methods
within the workers of HIPH institute.
The study was conducted by collecting swaps samples from workers’ hands for
examination THPC, and FC. Swaps collected before and after applying the hand hygiene
method without any instructions. To evaluate the most effective method for the reduction of
total and fecal bacterial counts. After educational program showed how to wash hand
according to CDC, workers asked to wash their hands. And also swaps were collected and
examined for THPC and FC.
All methods reduced bacterial contamination, water reduced THPC and FC
by(38%,46%) respectively, soap reduced THPC and FC respectively by (43%,73%),
While alcohol has the highest percentage of reduction by (93%.77.9 %). it was fond that alcohol has
significant reduction in THPC and FC than water and soap p=0.00,whil soap and water wasn’t
found to be significant p= 0.90,0.24 respectively. during ideal hand hygiene alcohol it was
found that alcohol has the highest percentage of reduction by (99%,95%). while water
reduced THPC and FC by (93%,86% respectively), soap reduced THPC and FC respectively
by (96%,90%). Also alcohol has significant reduction in THPC than water only and soap
p=0.0,while it wasn’t found to be significant in FC reduction p<0.05.
By compare the effect of routine and ideal hand washing it declared that for THPC there
was significant difference between ideal hand washing and routine hand washing p<0.05.
while for FC there was no significant in water only or in soap p<0.05, only alcohol has
significant effect than routine hand washing p<0.05. also Ideal hand hygiene has the highest
parentage of reduction for THPC and FC.
Ideal alcohol hand rub is found to be more effective in maintaining hand hygiene where
it is more accessible than sinks, less time-consuming, cheap, and more efficient in reducing
the number of bacteria. Hand washing with soap is more effective than hand washing with
water only or alcohol hand rub when hands are visibly soiled.
Summary, Conclusion & Recommendations
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5.2. Conclusion
There was a strong association between hand hygiene method and bacterial load in hands.
According to this study results, we have concluded the following:
Alcohol-based hand rubbing reduced bacterial counts on the hands of workers more
effectively than hand washing with soaps.
Hand washing with soap is more effective than hand washing with water only in
removing bacteria from hands.
Alcohol-based hand rubbing (ABHR) may not be as effective as hand washing when
hands are visibly dirty or greasy according to CDC.
Ideal hand hygiene is more effective than routine hand hygiene.
5.3 Recommendations
Educational programs as well as workshop to improve hand hygiene behavior for
cleaning workers .
When soap and water are not readily available, an ABHR containing at least 70%
alcohol can be used.
Washing with soap not enough when hand are very soiled.
Very dirty hands must be washed many times by water and soap then rubbing with
alcohol.
Further studies:
A similar study can be conducted on a larger sample to generalize the results.
Study the effect of different type of plain soap and antibacterial soap on the bacterial load.
Study the effectiveness of various concentration of alcohol and alcohol gel
on the bacterial load.