الفهرس 
Postoperative Pain
Thoracic and cardiovascular surgeriesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 169 |  |  |
| | | from | 169 | | |
Abstract
Pain can increase morbidity and is the primary reason for prolonged hospitalization after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients frequently complain of back, shoulder region pains and discomfort of port site incisions. Shoulder and sub-diaphragmatic pain occur in about 12% to 60% of patients.Peak of pain intensity is during the first few postoperative hours and usually declines after 2 or 3 days.
When compared to conventional surgery, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is less invasive and leads to less postoperative pain. However, the postoperative pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy consists of both somatic and visceral components with pain originating from port entry wounds, gallbladder resection and abdominal insufflation that leads to peritoneal distention and peritoneal damage.To date, administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and narcotics, gas drainages,intraperitoneal saline and intraperitoneal injection of local anesthetics and opioids were carried out to reduce pain after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. While use of these methods for pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy had a lot of side effects. For these reasons,regional anesthesia studies have analyzed laparoscopic cholecystectomy frequently