الفهرس 
Introduction about kidney.Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There are a tremendous effort in establishing the therapeutic properties of various foods. Regular consumption of fruits and vegetables is strongly associated with reduced risk of developing chronic diseases.
All parts of fennel and barley are used for medicinal purposes, especially in alternative medicine. It is a folk remedy for cancer ,Promoting heart health , Lowering blood pressure , Maintaining bone , health Promoting, digestive health and Weight loss .
This study aims to investigate of fennel seeds and barley on rats with infected kidney.
A total number of 24 male albino rats weighting 150 ± 10 g were used. All rats were fed on basal diet for 7 consecutive days on basal dieted to make adjustment, then rats were divided into 6 groups each of 4 rats as following:
group (1): control negative group, in which the normal untreated rats fed on basal diet for four weeks.
group (2): control positive group, in which rats injected with gentamicin (100 mg/kg of rat’s body weight) orally intragastric twice a week for four weeks.
group (3): rats injected with gentamicin orally intragastric twice a week for four weeks by 5 % per fennel.
group (4): rats injected with gentamicin orally intragastric twice a week for four weeks by 5 % per barley.
group (5): rats injected with gentamicin orally intragastric twice a week for four weeks by 10 % per fennel.
group (6): rats injected with gentamicin orally intragastric twice a week for four weeks by 10 % per barley.
After the end of experimental period (4 weeks), rats weight was be done, urine and blood samples was collected for biochemical analysis and kidney, liver and heart organs was removed, washed by saline solution, dried by filter paper and weighted.
Biological assessment:
- Body weight gain (BWG %)
- Feed Intake (FI)
- Feed efficiency ratio (FER)
Biochemical assessment includes the following tests:
- Tests of kidney functions by estimating urea, creatinine and S.Gulcose.
- Tests of Liver functions by estimating the activity of enzymes AST, ALT and ALP.
- Estimate the level of blood fats and assessing triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and lipoprotein high density (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDLc) and a very low lipoprotein density (VLDLc), and calculate the Atherogenic index.
- The data were statistically analyzed using a computarized Costat program by one way ANOVA. The results are presented as mean ± SD. Differences between treatments at p ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.
• Fennel is traditionally used for medicinal and culinary purposes. The entire plant is valuable in the medicinal industry. Fennel is an excellent stomach and intestinal remedy for treating flatulence and colic conditions, while also stimulating healthy appetite and digestion. Fennel seeds increase gastrointestinal motility and act as an antispasmodic in high doses. Fennel extracts produce a reduction in acetylcholine-induced contraction and decrease maximum possible contractility.
• Barley is the fourth most important cereal crop in the world and has much phytochemicals including β-glucan, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignins, tools, phytosterols, and folate. Regular consumption of whole grain barley and its hydro alcoholic extract reduces the risk of chronic diseases (diabetes, cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, etc.). Barley is considered to be most useful grain. In Europe pearl barley is considered to be best medicine.
Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the effect of the fennel and barley seeds in relieving kidney disease.
Summary of results: