الفهرس 
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pharmacologists and drug delivery experts have had trouble getting medications into the eyeballs because of their peculiar design and physiology. Drug distribution is made challenging, especially to the posterior segment, by choroidal and conjunctival blood flow, lymphatic clearance, and efflux pumps, as well as static barriers (various layers of cornea, sclera, and retina, including blood aqueous and blood-retinal barriers). There has been a lot of attention recently in locating influx transporters on various ocular tissues and developing a parent drug delivery strategy that targets those transporters. To overcome static and dynamic barriers, substantial research has been done on colloidal dosage forms such nanoparticles, nanomicelles, liposomes, and microemulsions. Novel drug delivery strategies, such fibrin sealant-based systems and bioadhesive gels, were created to maintain medicine levels at the target area. Future years may see a significant improvement in drug delivery thanks to non-invasive sustained drug delivery techniques and topical applications that can reach the posterior area. A significant improvement in overcoming the challenges offered by many anterior and posterior segment diseases is provided by recent breakthroughs in ocular medication delivery.
We investigated the antimicrobial effect of gold quantum dots (AuQDs) synthesized by laser ablation in liquid, femtosecond laser irradiation, as well as their combined effect against the most common pathogens of eye infection. Quanta-Ray nanosecond Nd: YAG laser (Spectra-Physics) has been used to precisely control the synthesis of AuQDs at 100 mJ with different ablation times. The synthesized AuQDs were spherical with an average size of 7.8 nm, 8.7 nm, and 11.6 nm for ablation times of 30, 20, and 15 min., respectively. The femtosecond laser source was the INSPIRE HF100 laser system (Spectra-Physics), pumped by a mode-locked femtosecond Ti: sapphire laser MAI TAI HP (Spectra-Physics). The growth kinetics and growth rate analysis of
Gram-negative bacterium (E. coli), Gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Listeria monocytogenes), as well as Candida albicans, have been evaluated after each treatment to improve AuQDs-based antimicrobial modality for clinical ophthalmic applications. The biocompatibility and antioxidant activity of the prepared AuQDs to retinal epithelial cell lines (ARPE-19) have also been evaluated to ensure their safe application. The combined treatment of AuQDs at a concentration of 17 µg/mL following by 15 minutes of exposure to femtosecond laser light with a wavelength of 400 nm at an average power of 50 mW was sufficient to significantly reduce bacterial viability (P < 0.0001 by ANOVA and Tukey test).