الفهرس 
Title : Preparation and characterization of Polyvinylidene Fluoride Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Treatment Applications
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Abstract
The purpose of this thesis is to prepare and characterize poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, nanofibrous membranes loaded with a superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPION) nanocomposite, as well as to investigate its potential utility for water treatment applications. The superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized using the co-precipitation method, and the effect of coating and functionalization with Glycine and Chitosan was thoroughly investigated. The effect of loading extent of various functionalized SPIONs in PVDF nanofibrous and flat-sheet membranes was also studied.
The bare and coated SPIONs nanocomposite samples were characterized using TEM, VSM, UV-Vis, BET, Zeta potential, FT-IR, and XRD. The prepared membranes with and without SPIONs were characterized using SEM, FT-IR, XRD, DSC, and contact Angle.
In light of this research’s practical experience, the pros and cons of SPIONs/PVDF nanocomposite membranes prepared by electrospinning and phase-inversion methods were reported, and the results showed that the modified electrospun nanofibrous membranes outperformed the flat sheet counterpart membranes. the microscopic analysis showed that the use of 3% Cs/SPIONs loaded PVDF (12%) in DMF/acetone (50/50) as a mixture solvent is more appropriate to obtain uniform less fiber diameter ranging mainly from 100 nm to 58 nm and defect-free microstructure fibrous membrane; with Excellent filtration performance and good antibacterial and fouling resistance. The performance of the prepared membranes was evaluated using a dead-end cell at laboratory to investigate the utility of prepared nanocomposite membranes in the pretreatment stage of ultrafiltration and microfiltration (MF/UF), before reverse osmosis (RO)
stage. The results indicated that morphology and hydroplicity of the membranes played a main role in the performance efficiency. The antibacterial activity of SPIONs nanocomposite against E. coli and K. pneumonia as gram (-) negative bacteria and S. aureus and S. mutans as a gram (+) positive bacteria was tested using the diffusion plate method and the results showed that they had significant antimicrobial activities exceeded the antibiotic standards.