الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The high incidence of non-cardiac congenital anomalies in high risk pregnancy is a major worldwide health problem. The combined diagnosis of 2D-US and 4D-US has significantly higher diagnostic value to either 2D-US or 4D-US , as 4D US provides additional multiple options like multiplanar view ,tomographic view & surface rendering view leading to accurate diagnosis of fetal congenital anomalies. The aim of this study was to compare between the role of two- dimensional (2D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound in diagnosis of non-cardiac fetal congenital anomalies in high-risk pregnancies. Additional value of using 2D-US and 4D-US together rather than using one technique of them alone. The current study was conducted on 100 pregnant females with high risk pregnancy in Tanta University Hospitals. All the patients were subjected to 2D ultrasound examination and 4D ultrasound examination. In this study 25 non-cardiac fetal malformations proven postnatal were detected among the 100 pregnant women with high-risk pregnancy examined, 6 anomalies (24%) were CNS ,4 anomalies (16%) were skeletal anomalies, 4 anomalies (16%) were abdominal, 4 anomalies (16%) were genitourinary, 3 anomalies (12%) were facial deformity (12%), 2 anomalies (8%) were thoracic malformation, and 2 anomalies (8%) were hydrops fetalis. There were multiple risk factors leading to fetal malformations including consanguinity, past history or family history of congenital anomalies, history of medication during pregnancy and maternal diabetes. As regards to ultrasound diagnostic methods of non-cardiac fetal anomalies, accuracy of combined 2D &4D ultrasound = 94%, sensitivity = 88%, and specificity = 96% So 2D-US combined with 4D-US is more superior to either 2D-US or 4D-US in demonstrating non cardiac anomalies (through multiplanar & tomographic views) which may affect the post-natal outcome. 4D-US combined with 2D-US offers precise demonstration of normal and abnormal fetal structure through its different modes, so it helps in accurate prenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies.