الفهرس 
A Construction Of An Electrochemical Graphite Sensor Modified With Nanoparticles For Detecting Biological Compounds
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Abstract
This work aims to introduce a simple highly performance sensitive electrochemical sensor of reformed carbon paste (CP) using Iron Oxide nanoparticles (IONs) and Copper nanoparticles (CuNs). It was developed to determine one of the most important drugs called vitamin B6 in a medium of phosphate buffer (PBS) over pH ranging from 5.0 - 8.0 for IONs and from 4.0 – 7.0 for CuNs. The electrochemical and surface characterization was achieved by different techniques comprising electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), chronoamperometry (CA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The studied effects were, pH, buffer, interference, scan rate, accumulation time & calibration plot. The sensitive electrode produced a linear calibration curve in the concentration range 8.88 up to 1000.0 µM, with limits of detection and qualification estimated at 9.06 and 30.2 µM, respectively for IONs,11.18 and 37.27 µM for CuNs. Also, this method was established in human urine real samples and pharmaceutical drugs which have been shown a good result for vitamin B6 detection