الفهرس 
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Abstract
Urolithiasis has a well-documented common occurrence in the general population. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), has prevailed over other more morbid procedures, like open surgeries in the management of renal stones.
S-PCNL has minor complications and a higher stone free rate. With advancement of other modalities like UMPCNL, it becomes an option for treating renal stones with relatively minimal complications and low hospital stay.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of both S-PCNL and UMPCNL in treatment of renal calyceal stones 1 to 2 cm in size.
To achieve this goal, this study was done over 60 patients with renal calyceal stones 1 to 2 cm in size. It was a double armed clinical trial with 30 patients in each arm. Patients in group A were treated by S-PCNL. While patients in group B were treated by UMPCNL.
Stone free rate was 96.7 % in group A while it was 90 % in group B.
6.7 % of patients in group A developed severe bleeding that required blood transfusion while 3.3 % had in group B.
10 % of patient in group A had post operative fever, while only 3.3 % of patients had post operative fever in group B.
Mean operative time was 71.40±24.02 min in group A while it was 108.73±41.61 min in group B.
Mean hospital stay was 64.80±20.14 hrs in group A while it was 42.53±13.23 hrs in group B.
Mean cost in group A was 11091±644.64 pound while mean cost in group b was 14890±1098.26 pound.
S-PCNL remains the gold standard option for treatment of renal stones with low incidence of complications but, UMPCNL is an acceptable alternative in management of renal stones especially in patients with comorbidities with more advantages and less complication rate.