الفهرس 
Introduction and Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The occurrence of workplace violence has enlarged significantly, and became a persistent issue across numerous countries. Nurses are chief victims of violence in medical settings due to direct interaction with patients, Patients? relatives and others in work environment on a 24-hour basis. Workplace violence had great negative consequences on nurses and healthcare sectors as whole. Violence in the workplace may result in fall in job satisfaction of the nurses, quality of life, output, increase in nurses? turnover. Subsequently, it leads to increased medical errors, reduced quality of patient care, and adversative effect on nurse-patient communication. Identifying of nurses to WPV and its prevention strategies is considered a successful element in workplace violence prevention. Therefore, it is very important to help nurses to recognize types of violence and appropriate methods for prevention through educational intervention that improve and develop their knowledge and practices about WPV prevention. Aim of the study The present study aimed to determine effect of educational intervention nurses? knowledge and practices about workplace violence prevention. Setting and Subject The present study was conducted at El-Menshawy General hospital affiliated to Ministry of Health and population at El Garibay Governorate. The study included three units of the hospital, namely General Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Unit and Poisoning Unit. The study subject was consisted of all (n=137) nurses working at three units under study. General Intensive Care Unit (n=63), Emergency Unit (n=60) and Poisoning Unit (n=14). Tools of Data Collection To achieve the aim of this study three tools were used: Tool I: Assessment of Workplace Violence Against Nurses Structured Questionnaire. It included three parts as follow: Part one: Nurses’ characteristic data. Part two: Assessment of Workplace Violence Against Nurses Structured Questionnaire. It included 41 items divided into five subscales: types of workplace violence: physical violence (10) items, non-physical violence (8) items, Perpetrators of workplace violence included (patients, relatives, head nurse, peer and doctors), consequences of workplace violence: 8 items, impact of workplace violence: 7 items and reasons for underreporting to authorities: 8 items. Part three. Contributing Factors to Workplace Violence Against Nurses. It 49 items divided into six subscales: societal factors: 3 items, organizational factors: 10 items, head nurse factors: 4 items, environmental factors: 14 items, Personal factors: 13 items and patient and relative factors: 5 items. Tool II: Workplace Violence Prevention Structured Knowledge Questionnaire. It consisted of (60) questions, in the form of multiple-choice questions (28) items and true and false questions (32) items. Levels of nurses’ knowledge were classified into levels according to cutoff points as follow: - Good knowledge ≥ 75 % - Fair Knowledge 60 - <75 - Poor knowledge ˂ 60% Tool III: Nurses’ Self -Report about Practices Regarding Workplace Violence Prevention Strategies Questionnaire. It included 40 items divided into five strategies as follows: management strategies: 12 items, workplace analysis: 4 items, hazard prevention and control: 7 items, training: 7 items and Record keeping and program evaluation: 10 items. Assessment of workplace violence against nurses structured questionnaire., Workplace violence prevention structured knowledge questionnaire and Nurses? selfreport practice about workplace prevention strategy (tool I& II & III) were distributed by the researcher pre and immediate post and after three month of implementation the educational intervention. Results of present study revealed that: - Nearly half (49.6%) of nurses were in the age group from 30-<40 years old. - Above half (58.4%) of nurses were female. 46.0% of nurses worked in intensive care units while (43.8% and 10.2%) worked in emergency and poisoning unit respectively. - Regarding to level of education, Around half (45.3. %) of nurses had associate degree nursing. More than two-fifths (40.1%) of them had less than 10 years of experiences. - More than three-quarters (76.6%) of nurses didn?t attend training program before. - Around two third (62.9%) of nurses had exposed to workplace violence once and twice per month. - More than one a third (37.2%) of nurses experienced high level of total types of workplace violence pre and immediate post-educational intervention which changed to be none of them experienced high level after 3 months of educational intervention. -21.1%, 17.5% and 11.7% of nurses exposed to workplace violence by patients? relatives, head nurse and patient pre-educational intervention respectively which changed to be only (3.6%, 2.2% and 1.4%) of them exposed to workplace violence by the same perpetrators. - High percent (78.8%) of nurses had low level of negative consequences of workplace violence 3-months post-educational intervention. - High percent (78.8%) of nurses had low level reasons for underreporting workplace violence 3-months post-educational intervention. - Majority (86.9% and 83.9%) of nurses had good level of knowledge about workplace violence immediate post and after 3 months of educational intervention. - Around half (51.1% and 46.0%) of nurses had low self-report practice level for workplace violence pre and immediate post-educational intervention respectively which changed to be more than two-fifths (46.0%) of them had high self-report practice level after 3 months of educational intervention. - There were statistical significance differences between types of workplace violence against nurses and their all characteristics? data except type of work item. - There were statistical significance differences between nurses? knowledge mean score and their characteristics? data except for type of work pre, post and after 3 months-educational intervention. - There were statistical significance differences between total nurses’ self – report mean score about practices with their characteristics? data pre, post and after 3 months-educational intervention. - There was statistically significance positive correlation between types of workplace violence and nurses’ knowledge pre-educational intervention at (p- value< 0.001), post-educational intervention at (p- value < 0.001) and after 3 months of –educational intervention at (p- value= 0.006). - There was statistically significance positive correlation between to total self-report practices with total knowledge scores about WPV prevention strategies pre-educational intervention at (p- value< 0.001), immediate posteducational intervention at (p- value< 0.001) and 3months post-educational intervention at (p- value= 0.002). - There were statistically significance differences between total types of workplace violence with total nurse?s self –report about practices preeducational intervention at P<0.001), immediate post-educational intervention at (p- value< 0.001) and after 3 months of educational intervention at (p- value= 0.006). Conclusion and recommendations Based on the findings of the present study, it was concluded that there was a significant improvement in nurses? knowledge and self- report practices regarding workplace violence prevention immediate after educational intervention and three months after educational intervention. It was recommended to set and implement WPV prevention policies, providing adequate in-service training to all healthcare staff about WPV prevention and assessment barriers for application of WPV prevention strategies and programs.