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Abstract Background: coronavirus disease 2019) COVID-19(is caused by a betacorona virus which is now named SARS-CoV-2 due to its high sequence similarity (" ~ "80%) with SARS-CoV. Aim and objectives; to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 infection on testicular function in terms of conventional semen parameters and regulating hormones and how long will this effect last. Subjects and methods: This study was carried out on male patients who recently recovered from covid 19 infection aged between 18 and years at the Andrology department at the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. The control group was recruited from the age and fertility status matched healthy population. Patients were compared to healthy controls due to a lack of baseline data for infected participants. we assessed semen analysis and hormonal profile for covid and control cases and follow-up for covid cases for 6 months after recovery The effect of SARS COV 2 on seminal and hormonal parameters can be concluded from statistically significant differences between both groups. The number of control cases was 120. Covid 19 cases were 76 cases subdivided according to the severity of covid symptoms into mild and moderate: the number of mild cases was 33, number of moderate cases was 42. Results: This study reveals a decrease in sperm concentration, total motility and progressive motility and a significant increase in abnormal forms in the moderate group compered to control group, A significant decrease in total and progressive motility and a significant increase in abnormal forms in the mild group compared to control group. There was a significant increase in sperm concentration and total motility after 3 months compared to baseline semen analysis parameters in the moderate group. There was a significant increase in sperm concentration after 6 months compared to baseline sperm concentration and 3 months sperm X concentration in the moderate group. There was significant increase in total motility after 6 months compared to baseline semen analysis in moderate group. There was significant increase in sperm concentration after 3 months and after 6 months compared to baseline sperm concentration in the mild group. At baseline, 6 patients were with azoospermic. After 3 months, 5 patients were azoospermic. After 6 months, 2 patients still azoospermic. Percentage of azoospermic patients decreased by 33.3%.75% of moderate group improved in sperm concentration after 3 months but only 27% of them returned to normal values compared to baseline semen analysis . After 6 months 90.9% improved but only 36.6 % return to normal values . To sum up, 54.5 % of moderate group improved after 6 months but did not return to normal sperm concentration values. There was a significant decrease in LH and Tt in the mild group than in the control. There was a significant increase in FSH and E2 in the moderate group compared to the control group. In the moderate group, TT was significantly lower in the (D-R) group compared to (D-H-E) and (D -H-I-E) groups by 41 % and 33.2% respectively. Sperm concentration was significantly lower in the (D-H-E) and (D-H-I-E) groups compared to(D-R) and (D-R-E)groups. And a decrease in sperm concentration was more pronounced in (D-H-I-E) group than in the (D-H-E) group. Abnormal forms were significantly higher in (D-R) and (D-R-E) groups compared to (D-H-I-E). And after 3 months, Sperm concentration was significantly lower in(D-H-I-E) group compared to the (D-R-E) group by 83.1%. After 6 months, the Sperm concentration in (D-H-I-E) group was significantly lower compared to the (D-H-E) group. Conclusion: COVID-19 significantly affects male hormone levels and sperm quality early after recovery mainly in moderate covid cases. However, in patients with moderate disease, the studied parameters of the testicular function improved within 6 months, but they did not return to normal values. patients who used Ivermectin had the lowest sperm concentration compared to other drugs and improved slower than other groups and they did not return to normal sperm concentration value. |