الفهرس 
Maternal mortality incidence and prevalenceOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Maternal death is defined as death of any woman while
pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective
of the duration and site of pregnancy, from any cause related to or
aggravated by the pregnancy.
The maternal mortality rate is defined as the number of
maternal deaths per 100,000 women of the reproductive age (14-49),
while the maternal mortality ratio is the number of maternal deaths
per100.000 live births.
The causes of maternal deaths should be divided into two
groups: Direct obstetric deaths are those resulting from obstetric
complications. Indirect obstetric deaths are those resulting from
previous existing disease or disease that developed during pregnancy
and aggravated by physiologic effects of pregnancy (e.g., cardiac
disease, psychiatric illness, hepatic disease).
In Egypt, maternal mortality in spite the recent progresses
continues to be one of the existing and pressing problems. Incorrect or
absent diagnosis of causes of death, elevated percent of literacy,
poverty, and deliveries conducted at places rather than equipped
hospitals has made the accurate measurement of the problem difficult.
Despite of the previous difficulties, Egypt is on the right track
in terms of reducing maternal mortality rates according to many
indicators issued by the Ministry of Health, where the national
maternal mortality ratio in year 1990 was nearly 233, and the ratio is
decreasing year after year, to 130 in year 2000, then 84in year 2005, to
45 in year 2010, to become 37 in year 2017.
Summary
66
This retrospective study conducted at Menoufia Governorate
about maternal mortality in the period from 1/1/2015 to 31/12/2019,
had revealed (186) maternal deaths, the total live births within the five
years were (524121).
Maternal mortality cases were distributed on the five years of
the study period as follow; 21 cases in 2019, 40 cases in 2018, 48
cases in 2017, 42 cases in 2016, and 35 cases in 2015.
The cases presenting with hemorrhage represented 51.6 % of
the total maternal death cases ranked the 1st causative factor.
The cases presenting with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
represented 24.1 % of the total maternal deaths which ranked the 2nd
cause of death.
Sepsis and infections ranked the 3rd common cause of death in
this study, which accounted for 11.8% from total deaths
Heart diseases ranked the 4th common cause of death in this
study, which accounted for 5.9% from total deaths.
Other medical diseases represented in total 2.6%.
7cases were presented post trauma, representing 3.8% of all
maternal deaths.
However, for improving maternal heath, four essential elements
should be done:
Adequate primary health care at all levels, and an adequate
share of the available food for girls from infancy to
adolescence, and family planning universally available, to avoid
unwanted or high risk pregnancies.
Summary
67
After pregnancy begins, good prenatal care, including nutrition
with efficient and early detection and referral of high risk
patient.
The assistance of a trained person for all women in child birth,
at home or in the hospital.
Women at higher risk must all have effective access to the
essential elements of obstetric care.
This retrospective study on maternal mortality cases in the period
from January 2015 to December 2019 revealed that:
1. Efficient and fast transfer of the pregnant ladies to the delivery
unites to provide the medical services to them in proper time.
2. Providing of enough blood units and its substitutes to manage
hemorrhagic cases properly.
3. Presence of recent and efficient system for patient registration; this
will ensure:-
First: Recall the patient’s data with easly way from archivies.
Second: Registering the patients’ data, their medications, and
medical services provided to them, to estimate the medical
services later on when needed
4. The importance of provision of ICU inside the hospital, as they
are considered the last resource for critically ill and dangerous
cases.
5. Training of junior doctors on the different labor stages and
dealing with dangerous cases, together with the basics of the
science of obstetrics.