الفهرس 
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Abstract
COVID-19 is a contagious disease originated from Wuhan, China and caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which frequently causes fever, cough, and dyspnea ,the health care employees facing a lot of psychological stresses during the covid-19 pandemic as quarantine, death that may occurs in relative or friends, the risk of being infected, Also social functioning affected as loss of social communication between family members due to isolation, The psychiatric mental health nurse constantly monitoring workers psychological problems and implementing early intervention methods, as provide professional psychological counseling and strengthened crisis support systems to prevent secondary traumas caused by disease and death (WHO, 2020; Woon & Mansor et al., 2021).
This study aimed to assess psychological stressors facing employees working at El Fayoum University hospital during COVID-19 pandemic. The current study was conducted at El Fayoum University hospital, using descriptive explanatory design. It included 300 employees who were conveniently selected.
Inclusion criteria of the study:
- from different ages and educational levels
- Both sex men and women.
- Agree to participate in the study
Tools for data collection
Data were collected by using the following tools:
Tool I: Interview questionnaire including the following:
A-Socio-demographic sheet was developed by the researcher to collect data pertaining the socio demographic characteristics of the employees which include age, sex, social status, level of education, work experience, monthly income, residence and medical history.
Tool II: The employees psychological Stress questionnaire tool was developed by the researcher and consisted of 32 sentences which assessed psychological stressors facing employees working at El Fayoum University hospital during COVID-19 pandemic which included three parts:
The first part: psychological stressors to assess psychological stressors of employees; it included 18 items such as feeling worried about him or his family members or his colleagues being infected with the virus, feeling annoyed by the non-compliance of those around them with the precautionary measures, fear of losing life as a result of being infected with the covid-19, sleeping problems as a result of thinking about the complications and spread of the virus, work problems and pressures they face as a result of fear of injury..... etc.
The second part: Social stressors to assess social stressors of employees; it included 9 items such as difficult engaging in any social activity because due to fear about the possibility of getting infection, difficult dealing with others due to the pressures of daily work during covid-19 pandemic, the negative effects of covid-19 in employees performance and relationships between employees themselves and their family, feeling despair due to not sufficient of the financial support.... etc.
The third part: Physical stressors to assess physical stressors of employees; it included 5 items such as feeling of desire or not desire to eat, sufferings from physical symptoms with regard to thinking about getting infection, feeling tired as a result of doing any work.... etc.
Results
The main study finding can be summarized as the following:
According to socio-demographic characteristics, more than one third (37.7%) of the employees working at El Fayoum university hospital were with mean ages of 30 to less than 40 years and (67%) of them are females and (78%) of them are married, regarding the level of education it was found that (47.3%) of studied employees are at university level and (22..3%) of them have 6-<11 years of work experience and (79.3%) haven’t enough monthly income and (65.3%) of them lived in urban area.
According to psychological stressors among employees, more than half (58.7%) of studied employees didn’t have nightmares because of the covid-19 pandemic, more than one third of them (36.7%) didn’t find it difficult to sleep as a result of thinking about the complications and spread of the virus, meanwhile (52.7%) of employees sometime felt a lot of psychological disorders such as anger due to the changing work routine as a result of the pandemic, about (40.7%) of employees sometime constantly had been monitoring the rates of infection with the virus, (69.3%) of them had feeling worried that any of their family members might be infected by the virus, on other hand (67.7%) of them had feeling worried about getting infected with the virus, in addition to nearly two third of employees (65%) had feeling of psychological pressure as a result of the lack of moral support from the hospital administration during the period of the spread of the virus, and about (63%) of employees constantly seeking reassurance from the hospital health team.
According to social stressors among employees, more than half of employees (53%) working at El Fayoum university hospital sometime find it difficult to deal with others due to the pressures of daily work in light of the covid-19 pandemic, Meanwhile nearly half of them (49%) sometimes feel that work stresses resulting from the presence of the pandemic negatively affects their relationships with their colleagues and family and they also reported that sometimes the level of financial support isn’t sufficient for them in light of their efforts, which made them had feeling despair.
According to physical stressors among employees, more than half of studied employees (50.7%) aren’t have a strong desire to eat, while (42.3%) of them reported that they don’t want to eat, and about (47%) of them sometimes reported that they always tired regarding the work, in addition to (43.3%) of them reported that they sometimes have increasing their heartbeat when they think about the pandemic.
According to total levels of stressors among employees, more than half of employees (59.7%) working at El Fayoum University hospital have high psychological stressors related to the covid-9 pandemic, and nearly half of them (49.3%) have high social stressors related to the covid-19 pandemic, Meanwhile, (45%) of them have moderate physical stressors related to the covid-19 pandemic.
Conclusion
In the light of the present study findings, it can be concluded that:
More than half of them facing high level of psychological stressors during covid-19 pandemic, nearly half of them have high level of social stressors during covid-19 pandemic, and less than half of them facing moderate level of physical stressors during covid-19 pandemic.
Recommendations
In the light of the present study findings, the following recommendations outlined:
1) Counseling intervention for employees on their psychological stressors and how to decrease it.
2) Stress management programs design for prevention and treatment of psychological distress of frontline workers during covid 19 pandemic.
3) Psycho-educational programs for employees about how to face psychological stresses during covid-19 pandemic, that could curtail the negative impacts of this crisis and eliminates psychological stress of health care employees.
4) Providing adequate support through providing a safe work environment, provision of complete and quality personal protective equipment and supplies to prevent infection and provision of accurate and timely information regarding the disease for hospital employees that may reduce their stress.